How to become a HGV driver in the UK: A complete guide

HGV drivers keep goods moving across the UK, transporting everything from food to construction materials. 

According to the Road Haulage Association, the UK needs 40,000 new HGV drivers each year for the next five years to prevent shortages, so there’s never been a better time to enter the industry.

This guide covers everything you need to know about how to become a HGV driver, from HGV licence requirements to training, costs, and finding work.

What does an HGV driver do?

HGV drivers do more than just transport goods. Their role depends on the type of haulage loads they handle, the distance they travel, and the employer they work for.

Types of HGV driving jobs

• Long-haul drivers cover large distances, often across the UK or even into Europe. These roles involve spending nights away from home, sometimes sleeping in the cab.
• Short-haul or regional drivers operate within a set area, often completing multiple deliveries in a day. These jobs suit those who want to be home each night.
• Specialist HGV drivers transport high-value or hazardous goods. This could include fuel tankers, refrigerated freight, or heavy machinery. Additional training and operator licence applications may be required.

Working hours and lifestyle

When you become a truck driver, you’ll also need to follow drivers’ hours rules, which limit daily driving to 9 hours (or 10 hours twice a week) and require regular rest breaks. While long-haul drivers may have unpredictable schedules, local haulage roles often provide more routine hours.

HGV driving also requires good communication and customer service skills, as drivers often deal with shippers, warehouse staff, and clients when delivering loads.

Types of HGV licences and lorries explained

Before you can become a HGV driver, you’ll need the right licence. The HGV licence requirements vary based on the vehicle’s size, weight, and whether you’ll be towing a trailer. 

Choosing the right category depends on the type of haulage work you want to do.

HGV licence categories

There are several HGV licence categories, each allowing you to drive different types of vehicles:

Category	GVW	Description
Category C1	3.5 to 7.5 tonnes	This category is commonly used for small haulage fleet operations, local deliveries, and specialist vehicles like ambulances. Many courier and light haulage companies use C1 vehicles for transporting goods that don’t require full-sized lorries.
Category C1+E	12 tonnes	C1 vehicles with a trailer over 750kg. This allows you to tow a trailer, increasing your total weight limit to 12 tonnes. It’s useful for businesses that need to transport bulkier loads without moving to full HGV categories.
Category C	Rigid vehicles over 7.5 tonnes	This is the most common category for standard haulage jobs, covering box trucks, tippers, flatbeds, and refuse collection lorries. Many drivers start with a Category C licence before upgrading to C+E for larger vehicles.
Category C+E	Vehicles over 7.5 tonnes with a detachable trailer	This lorry licence lets you drive articulated lorries (artics), double-deckers, and heavy-duty haulage trucks. It’s required for most long-haul and international freight work.

What types of lorries can you drive?

Each licence category applies to different vehicle types, so it’s important to choose the right one for your career goals. 

Here are the most common lorry types and sizes used in haulage loads:

Lorry Type	Licence Required	Common Uses
Rigid Lorries	Category C	Local and regional deliveries, construction work, refuse collection
Articulated Lorries	Category C+E	Long-haul industry, supermarket distribution, manufacturing logistics, container transport
Flatbed Trucks	Category C (rigid) Category C+E (articulated)	Construction material transport, machinery transport, steel beam delivery
Box Trucks	Category C1 (smaller) Category C (larger)	General retail, food delivery, parcel delivery
Tanker Lorries	Category C (rigid) Category C+E (articulated)	Fuel delivery, chemical transport, food-grade liquid transportation
Tipper Trucks	Category C	Construction, waste management, aggregate delivery

Each type of vehicle comes with its own handling requirements and restrictions, so the right licence and training will depend on your chosen career path.

If you plan to drive specialist vehicles, such as abnormal loads, crane-mounted lorries, or fuel tankers, you may need additional qualifications alongside your truck driving licence.

Requirements to become an HGV driver

Medical requirements for HGV drivers

To apply for an HGV licence, you must pass a D4 medical examination. A doctor checks your eyesight, overall health, and fitness to drive long distances.

Conditions like poor vision, epilepsy, or insulin-treated diabetes may affect eligibility. Some drivers need regular check-ups to keep their licence.

Minimum age and driving experience needed

You must be at least 18 years old and hold a full Category B (car) licence before applying for an HGV licence.

Experience driving large courier vans can help, but it’s not required. New drivers can train and qualify straight after passing their car test.

Additional requirements for certain HGV categories

If you’re carrying hazardous goods, you may need an ADR haulage licence. Some specialist roles, like crane-mounted lorries, require extra training.

If you’re running a fleet of vehicles, an operator licence application may also be necessary.

Step 1: Check if you’re eligible

Before training, make sure you meet the HGV licence requirements:

• Hold a full UK car licence.
• Be at least 18 years old.
• Pass a D4 medical examination.

If you meet these, you can start the application process.

Step 2: Apply for a provisional HGV licence

To start training, apply for a provisional HGV licence using the D2 form from the DVLA.

You’ll need to submit this with your D4 medical form. Processing takes around three weeks. Once approved, you can book your theory test.

Step 3: Pass the HGV theory and hazard perception tests

Driver CPC part 1: Multiple-choice theory test

This test covers:

• Road safety and traffic laws.
• HGV vehicle controls.
• Loading and securing goods.
• Fuel efficiency and driving best practices.

There are 100 questions, and you must score at least 85 to pass.

Driver CPC part 1: Hazard perception test

You’ll watch video clips showing developing hazards and click when you spot them.

A score of 67 out of 100 is required to pass. Practising online can help improve reaction times.

Step 4: Complete your HGV practical training and tests

Driver CPC part 3a: Off-road exercises

This section tests your ability to:

• Reverse safely into a parking bay.
• Uncouple and recouple a trailer (if taking the C+E test).
• Carry out vehicle safety checks.

You’ll need to pass this before moving on to on-road training.

Driver CPC part 3b: On-road driving test

This is the main driving test. An examiner will assess your ability to:

• Drive safely on different road types.
• Follow instructions and use mirrors correctly.
• Control the vehicle in different traffic situations.

You must drive for around an hour, making no more than 15 minor mistakes.

Step 5: Pass the Driver CPC case studies and practical demonstration

Driver CPC part 2: Case studies

This test presents real-world driving scenarios, checking your knowledge of:

• Safe loading and unloading.
• Dealing with accidents and breakdowns.
• Customer service and legal responsibilities.

There are 50 questions, and you must score 40 to pass.

Driver CPC part 4: Practical demonstration test

This practical test covers:

• Carrying out walk-around safety checks.
• Securing different types of freight.
• Preventing human trafficking risks.

You’ll need to demonstrate safe practices and answer examiner questions.

Step 6: Receive your Driver CPC qualification card

Once you’ve passed all parts of the Driver CPC, you’ll receive a Driver Qualification Card (DQC).

This must be carried whenever you’re driving professionally. It’s valid for five years, after which you’ll need refresher training.

Step 7: Find a job and start your HGV career

Once you’ve qualified, securing the right job is the next step. Whether you want full-time employment or transport bidding contracts as an owner-driver, there are plenty of opportunities.

Applying for HGV jobs

A well-prepared application can make a difference when competing for driving roles. Here’s how to stand out:

• Update your CV – Highlight relevant experience, such as van driving, logistics roles, or additional licences (e.g., ADR certification for hazardous goods).
• Prepare for interviews – Employers may ask about your experience with long-distance driving, safety knowledge, and how you handle tight delivery schedules.
• Check job boards and industry platforms – Many companies post vacancies online, and some prefer hiring through haulage loads networks like Haulage Exchange.

Agency work vs permanent employment

• Agency work offers flexibility, allowing you to choose shifts and gain experience with different companies. It’s ideal for new drivers building a reputation.
• Permanent employment provides stability, regular pay, and benefits like sick leave and pensions.

Some drivers start with agencies before starting their own haulage company or taking full-time roles.

Building experience to access better jobs

Newly qualified drivers often struggle to secure higher-paying roles due to lack of experience. However, there are ways to build a strong track record:

• Consider part-time or temporary driving roles – Even short-term contracts help build experience and confidence.
• Work alongside experienced drivers – Shadowing a more seasoned driver can help you pick up industry knowledge quickly.
• Get endorsements for specialist work – Some companies prefer drivers with ADR certification (for dangerous goods) or HIAB training (for crane-mounted lorries).

Many successful drivers start by accepting return haulage loads, which allow them to avoid empty runs and build connections with freight companies.

Is HGV driving the right career for you?

HGV driving is a career that offers freedom, independence, and strong earning potential, but it’s not for everyone. Before committing to becoming a HGV driver, consider whether it suits your personality and lifestyle.

Skills and traits of a good HGV driver

Successful drivers tend to have:

• Strong concentration skills – Long hours on the road require focus.
• Good problem-solving ability – Unexpected delays, breakdowns, or route changes are common.
• Patience and adaptability – Traffic jams, tight delivery schedules, and warehouse delays require a calm approach.
• Physical stamina – Some roles involve loading and unloading freight.

Misconceptions about HGV driving

• “It’s just about driving.” – In reality, drivers handle route planning, safety checks, and administrative tasks.
• “It’s a lonely job.” – While it’s mostly independent work, many drivers build strong connections with colleagues and clients.
• “It’s only for men.” – The industry is changing, with more women entering HGV driving than ever before.

Common challenges and how to overcome them

Becoming a lorry driver means independence and strong earning potential, but it also comes with challenges. Long hours, time away from home, and unpredictable road conditions can make the job demanding. However, with the right approach, you can manage these challenges effectively.

Long hours – Plan rest breaks properly

HGV drivers spend long periods on the road, often covering hundreds of miles in a single shift. The law requires drivers to take regular breaks to prevent fatigue.

• Follow tachograph rules – You can drive for a maximum of 9 hours per day (10 hours twice a week), with a 45-minute break after 4.5 hours of driving.
• Use breaks effectively – Stretch, walk around, or do light exercises to avoid stiffness and fatigue.
• Get enough sleep – Driving while tired is dangerous, so stick to a consistent sleep schedule when possible.

Some drivers plan their routes around service stations with good facilities, ensuring they can rest properly before continuing their journey.

Isolation – Use technology to stay connected with family

HGV driving is mostly a solo job, which can lead to feelings of isolation—especially for long-haul drivers who spend nights away from home.

• Schedule regular calls or video chats – Apps like WhatsApp and FaceTime make it easier to stay in touch with family and friends when you’re not driving.
• Listen to podcasts or audiobooks – These can keep your mind engaged during long drives and reduce the feeling of being alone.
• Join driver communities – Many hauliers connect with fellow drivers through forums, social media groups, and CB radio.

Some drivers also take turns driving with a partner on longer trips, helping to reduce isolation and share the workload.

Traffic delays – Keep updated with live road reports

Delays are frustrating, but they’re an unavoidable part of the job. Bad weather, roadworks, and accidents can throw off even the best-planned schedules.

• Use real-time traffic apps – Tools like Google Maps, Waze, or in-cab telematics can help you avoid congestion.
• Plan alternative routes in advance – Knowing backup routes can save time when unexpected delays happen.
• Stay in contact with dispatch teams – Many haulage firms have logistics teams that monitor road conditions and advise on diversions.

By staying proactive and flexible, you can reduce the stress of delays and keep deliveries on track.

Final thoughts

HGV driving offers a stable and rewarding career for those who enjoy life on the road. With demand for drivers remaining high, there’s no shortage of work, whether you choose full-time employment or self-employed contracts.

Beyond the financial benefits, HGV driving provides variety and independence. No two days are the same one week, you could be delivering goods locally, and the next, you might be driving cross-country. Many drivers enjoy the freedom of being out on the road rather than working in an office or warehouse.

It’s also a career with long-term opportunities. Some drivers specialise in transporting hazardous goods, refrigerated freight, or oversized loads, which can lead to higher earnings. Others progress into fleet management, training roles, or even running their own haulage businesses.

Once you’ve qualified, finding work is easier than ever. Many new drivers start by applying to haulage firms, while others use freight platforms like Haulage Exchange to secure regular contracts. With the right approach, you can build a strong reputation and gain steady, well-paid work.

If you’re ready to get started, begin by checking if you’re eligible, applying for your provisional HGV licence, and booking your training. A successful HGV career could be just a few months away.

HGV driver FAQs

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