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Compliance

How to get an operator licence

#haulage companies #owner drivers

Our step-by-step guide to getting your operator licence, including requirements, application steps, and ongoing compliance.

Getting an operator licence is the first step for anyone wanting to become a HGV owner-driver in the UK, as it lets you legally run a haulage business using large vehicles.

In this guide, we’ll take you through each of the steps for getting your operator licence, including the different types of licences, the required paperwork, where to submit your application, and how to maintain it once you’re up and running.

What is an operator licence?

A ‘goods vehicle operator’s licence’, also known as an ‘O licence’, is a legal requirement for anyone who wants to start a haulage company using Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs), and shows that you meet specific standards and can run your business safely.

The operator licence applies to vehicles over 3.5 tonnes as the gross vehicle weight (GVW), which includes all HGVs, articulated lorries, and larger rigid lorries.

When applying for an O licence, there are a few fees involved:

• Application for a licence – £257 fee
• Issue of a licence – £401 fee
• Licence renewal (every 5 years) – £401 fee

If you need to make changes to your licence in the future (e.g. you need to add more vehicles), there’s a £257 fee.

How to get your operator licence

1. Determine the type of licence you need

Before applying, decide which type of licence suits your business. 

• If you plan to carry goods for others within the UK, go for the Standard National licence. 
• If you intend to take loads abroad, choose the Standard International licence. 
• If you’re only moving your own goods, the Restricted licence is the one for you.

2. Meet the operator licence requirements

To get an operator’s licence, you need to meet several conditions. You need to show that you are of good repute, have sufficient financial standing, possess professional competence, and have access to a haulage yard. 

This means you need to be trustworthy, have enough money to run your business, and know how to operate an HGV business safely.

You’ll need a few documents to prove you meet these O licence requirements.

For financial standing, you might need:

• Bank statements: Showing you have the necessary funds to maintain your vehicles (usually £8,000 for the first vehicle, and £4,450 for each additional vehicle).
• Financial guarantees: From a third party if you don’t have the money yourself.
• Credit facilities: Like a letter from your bank.

For good repute, you must provide:

• Criminal record checks: Showing you have no serious convictions.
• References: From reputable individuals in the transport and logistics industry.

To prove professional competence, you’ll need:

• Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC): This can be obtained by passing the required exams as part of your HGV driver training.
• Proof of qualifications: If you have equivalent qualifications from other EU countries, they may also be accepted.

As part of your application, you must have access to a suitable haulage yard. This yard is where your vehicles will be parked, maintained, and inspected. You need to provide evidence of your yard’s location and its adequacy for your operations, including:

• A lease agreement or proof of ownership: Showing you have rights to use the yard.
• A site plan: Detailing the layout and facilities of the yard.
• Maintenance arrangements: Proving that your vehicles will be kept in good condition at this location.

You’ll need an operator’s licence for each traffic area where you have a haulage yard, or ‘operating centre’. The full list of traffic areas is available on the GOV.UK application page. 

Make sure you select the correct one based on your yard’s location, as this ensures you comply with regional regulations and operate within the legal boundaries of your traffic area.

3. Completing the application

You’ll need to apply for your HGV operator’s licence through the GOV.UK website. 

Fill out the application form carefully, and include all the required documents like your proof of financial standing and maintenance arrangements. 

Double-check everything before you submit to avoid delays.

4. Advertising your application

Believe it or not, you’ll need to advertise your application in a local newspaper. This is a public notice letting people know about your plans to operate an HGV business. 

Include details of where and when you plan to run your business. After the ad runs, submit proof of advertisement with your application. This step helps keep the process transparent.

Think of this as a charming nod to the olden days. Even in the age of the internet, the law insists you advertise in the local paper. It might seem outdated, but it’s still a requirement. 

So, grab your copy of the local paper and let the community know about your new venture!

5. Awaiting the decision

Once you’ve submitted your haulage licence application, you’ll have to wait for a decision from the Traffic Commissioner. 

They may request more information or call you for a public inquiry. Be prepared to answer questions and provide additional documents if needed. 

If your application is refused, you can appeal the decision.

Maintaining your operator licence

Compliance with ongoing requirements

After you get your owner operator licence, you or your company’s transport manager will need stick to certain rules and regular checks, including:

• Conduct regular vehicle inspections: Ensure your vehicles are roadworthy.
• Maintain a written maintenance plan: Schedule regular checks and repairs.
• Keep detailed records: Log all inspections, repairs, and maintenance activities.
• Ensure drivers are qualified: Verify that all drivers have the necessary qualifications and training.
• Follow safety regulations: Make sure your operations comply with health and safety standards, including tachograph rules and cabotage regulations.

These steps keep your licence in good standing, and ensure you pass DVSA roadside inspections if they happen.

Renewing your haulage licence

Operator licences aren’t forever. You’ll need to renew yours every 5 years. 

Keep track of the renewal dates and prepare the necessary documents in advance. This includes updated financial statements and proof of ongoing compliance with safety standards. Missing the renewal deadline can disrupt your business operations.

Prepare the following for renewal:

• Updated financial documents: Bank statements, financial guarantees, and credit facilities.
• Maintenance records: Proof that you’ve been maintaining your vehicles as required.
• Compliance reports: Documentation showing adherence to safety and operational standards.

Updating your O licence

If you need to make changes to your licence, like updating addresses, changing named drivers or even adding new vehicles, you’ll need to pay a £257 fee.

Tips for getting your operator’s licence quickly

To speed up the process, avoid common mistakes. Make sure your application is complete and accurate, because missing information can delay approval. 

Consider seeking professional help if you’re unsure about any part of the application. Specialists can guide you through the process and help you meet all requirements.

Join HX to get haulage jobs

Once you have your haulage licence, joining the Haulage Exchange (HX) can help you find reliable haulage contracts quickly. 

HX connects you with thousands of transport companies across the UK and Europe, and by using our real-time freight exchange, you can see live loads, bid on them, and secure jobs fast. We also integrate leading tools for managing your fleet, tracking vehicles, and handling invoicing, saving you time and reducing admin tasks.

Joining HX gives you a competitive edge in the haulage industry. You can always find work, build lasting relationships with shippers, and grow your business sustainably. Start using HX today to take your haulage business to the next level.

Conclusion

Getting an operator licence is your first step towards a successful haulage business. Start by understanding what type of haulage licence you need. Meet the necessary requirements and complete the application process carefully. Advertise your application, wait for the decision, and maintain your licence by following ongoing requirements.

By following these steps, you’ll be well on your way to building a thriving HGV business.

Remember, the O licence is your ticket to legally run and grow your business. Good luck on your journey to becoming a licensed HGV owner-driver!

Frequently Asked Questions

HGV drivers keep goods moving across the UK, transporting everything from food to construction materials. 

According to the Road Haulage Association, the UK needs 40,000 new HGV drivers each year for the next five years to prevent shortages, so there’s never been a better time to enter the industry.

This guide covers everything you need to know about how to become a HGV driver, from HGV licence requirements to training, costs, and finding work.

What does an HGV driver do?

HGV drivers do more than just transport goods. Their role depends on the type of haulage loads they handle, the distance they travel, and the employer they work for.

Types of HGV driving jobs

• Long-haul drivers cover large distances, often across the UK or even into Europe. These roles involve spending nights away from home, sometimes sleeping in the cab.
• Short-haul or regional drivers operate within a set area, often completing multiple deliveries in a day. These jobs suit those who want to be home each night.
• Specialist HGV drivers transport high-value or hazardous goods. This could include fuel tankers, refrigerated freight, or heavy machinery. Additional training and operator licence applications may be required.

Working hours and lifestyle

When you become a truck driver, you’ll also need to follow drivers’ hours rules, which limit daily driving to 9 hours (or 10 hours twice a week) and require regular rest breaks. While long-haul drivers may have unpredictable schedules, local haulage roles often provide more routine hours.

HGV driving also requires good communication and customer service skills, as drivers often deal with shippers, warehouse staff, and clients when delivering loads.

Types of HGV licences and lorries explained

Before you can become a HGV driver, you’ll need the right licence. The HGV licence requirements vary based on the vehicle’s size, weight, and whether you’ll be towing a trailer. 

Choosing the right category depends on the type of haulage work you want to do.

HGV licence categories

There are several HGV licence categories, each allowing you to drive different types of vehicles:

What types of lorries can you drive?

Each licence category applies to different vehicle types, so it’s important to choose the right one for your career goals. 

Here are the most common lorry types and sizes used in haulage loads:

Each type of vehicle comes with its own handling requirements and restrictions, so the right licence and training will depend on your chosen career path.

If you plan to drive specialist vehicles, such as abnormal loads, crane-mounted lorries, or fuel tankers, you may need additional qualifications alongside your truck driving licence.

Requirements to become an HGV driver

Medical requirements for HGV drivers

To apply for an HGV licence, you must pass a D4 medical examination. A doctor checks your eyesight, overall health, and fitness to drive long distances.

Conditions like poor vision, epilepsy, or insulin-treated diabetes may affect eligibility. Some drivers need regular check-ups to keep their licence.

Minimum age and driving experience needed

You must be at least 18 years old and hold a full Category B (car) licence before applying for an HGV licence.

Experience driving large courier vans can help, but it’s not required. New drivers can train and qualify straight after passing their car test.

Additional requirements for certain HGV categories

If you’re carrying hazardous goods, you may need an ADR haulage licence. Some specialist roles, like crane-mounted lorries, require extra training.

If you’re running a fleet of vehicles, an operator licence application may also be necessary.

Step 1: Check if you’re eligible

Before training, make sure you meet the HGV licence requirements:

• Hold a full UK car licence.
• Be at least 18 years old.
• Pass a D4 medical examination.

If you meet these, you can start the application process.

Step 2: Apply for a provisional HGV licence

To start training, apply for a provisional HGV licence using the D2 form from the DVLA.

You’ll need to submit this with your D4 medical form. Processing takes around three weeks. Once approved, you can book your theory test.

Step 3: Pass the HGV theory and hazard perception tests

Driver CPC part 1: Multiple-choice theory test

This test covers:

• Road safety and traffic laws.
• HGV vehicle controls.
• Loading and securing goods.
• Fuel efficiency and driving best practices.

There are 100 questions, and you must score at least 85 to pass.

Driver CPC part 1: Hazard perception test

You’ll watch video clips showing developing hazards and click when you spot them.

A score of 67 out of 100 is required to pass. Practising online can help improve reaction times.

Step 4: Complete your HGV practical training and tests

Driver CPC part 3a: Off-road exercises

This section tests your ability to:

• Reverse safely into a parking bay.
• Uncouple and recouple a trailer (if taking the C+E test).
• Carry out vehicle safety checks.

You’ll need to pass this before moving on to on-road training.

Driver CPC part 3b: On-road driving test

This is the main driving test. An examiner will assess your ability to:

• Drive safely on different road types.
• Follow instructions and use mirrors correctly.
• Control the vehicle in different traffic situations.

You must drive for around an hour, making no more than 15 minor mistakes.

Step 5: Pass the Driver CPC case studies and practical demonstration

Driver CPC part 2: Case studies

This test presents real-world driving scenarios, checking your knowledge of:

• Safe loading and unloading.
• Dealing with accidents and breakdowns.
• Customer service and legal responsibilities.

There are 50 questions, and you must score 40 to pass.

Driver CPC part 4: Practical demonstration test

This practical test covers:

• Carrying out walk-around safety checks.
• Securing different types of freight.
• Preventing human trafficking risks.

You’ll need to demonstrate safe practices and answer examiner questions.

Step 6: Receive your Driver CPC qualification card

Once you’ve passed all parts of the Driver CPC, you’ll receive a Driver Qualification Card (DQC).

This must be carried whenever you’re driving professionally. It’s valid for five years, after which you’ll need refresher training.

Step 7: Find a job and start your HGV career

Once you’ve qualified, securing the right job is the next step. Whether you want full-time employment or transport bidding contracts as an owner-driver, there are plenty of opportunities.

Applying for HGV jobs

A well-prepared application can make a difference when competing for driving roles. Here’s how to stand out:

• Update your CV – Highlight relevant experience, such as van driving, logistics roles, or additional licences (e.g., ADR certification for hazardous goods).
• Prepare for interviews – Employers may ask about your experience with long-distance driving, safety knowledge, and how you handle tight delivery schedules.
• Check job boards and industry platforms – Many companies post vacancies online, and some prefer hiring through haulage loads networks like Haulage Exchange.

Agency work vs permanent employment

• Agency work offers flexibility, allowing you to choose shifts and gain experience with different companies. It’s ideal for new drivers building a reputation.
• Permanent employment provides stability, regular pay, and benefits like sick leave and pensions.

Some drivers start with agencies before starting their own haulage company or taking full-time roles.

Building experience to access better jobs

Newly qualified drivers often struggle to secure higher-paying roles due to lack of experience. However, there are ways to build a strong track record:

• Consider part-time or temporary driving roles – Even short-term contracts help build experience and confidence.
• Work alongside experienced drivers – Shadowing a more seasoned driver can help you pick up industry knowledge quickly.
• Get endorsements for specialist work – Some companies prefer drivers with ADR certification (for dangerous goods) or HIAB training (for crane-mounted lorries).

Many successful drivers start by accepting return haulage loads, which allow them to avoid empty runs and build connections with freight companies.

Is HGV driving the right career for you?

HGV driving is a career that offers freedom, independence, and strong earning potential, but it’s not for everyone. Before committing to becoming a HGV driver, consider whether it suits your personality and lifestyle.

Skills and traits of a good HGV driver

Successful drivers tend to have:

• Strong concentration skills – Long hours on the road require focus.
• Good problem-solving ability – Unexpected delays, breakdowns, or route changes are common.
• Patience and adaptability – Traffic jams, tight delivery schedules, and warehouse delays require a calm approach.
• Physical stamina – Some roles involve loading and unloading freight.

Misconceptions about HGV driving

• “It’s just about driving.” – In reality, drivers handle route planning, safety checks, and administrative tasks.
• “It’s a lonely job.” – While it’s mostly independent work, many drivers build strong connections with colleagues and clients.
• “It’s only for men.” – The industry is changing, with more women entering HGV driving than ever before.

Common challenges and how to overcome them

Becoming a lorry driver means independence and strong earning potential, but it also comes with challenges. Long hours, time away from home, and unpredictable road conditions can make the job demanding. However, with the right approach, you can manage these challenges effectively.

Long hours – Plan rest breaks properly

HGV drivers spend long periods on the road, often covering hundreds of miles in a single shift. The law requires drivers to take regular breaks to prevent fatigue.

• Follow tachograph rules – You can drive for a maximum of 9 hours per day (10 hours twice a week), with a 45-minute break after 4.5 hours of driving.
• Use breaks effectively – Stretch, walk around, or do light exercises to avoid stiffness and fatigue.
• Get enough sleep – Driving while tired is dangerous, so stick to a consistent sleep schedule when possible.

Some drivers plan their routes around service stations with good facilities, ensuring they can rest properly before continuing their journey.

Isolation – Use technology to stay connected with family

HGV driving is mostly a solo job, which can lead to feelings of isolation—especially for long-haul drivers who spend nights away from home.

• Schedule regular calls or video chats – Apps like WhatsApp and FaceTime make it easier to stay in touch with family and friends when you’re not driving.
• Listen to podcasts or audiobooks – These can keep your mind engaged during long drives and reduce the feeling of being alone.
• Join driver communities – Many hauliers connect with fellow drivers through forums, social media groups, and CB radio.

Some drivers also take turns driving with a partner on longer trips, helping to reduce isolation and share the workload.

Traffic delays – Keep updated with live road reports

Delays are frustrating, but they’re an unavoidable part of the job. Bad weather, roadworks, and accidents can throw off even the best-planned schedules.

• Use real-time traffic apps – Tools like Google Maps, Waze, or in-cab telematics can help you avoid congestion.
• Plan alternative routes in advance – Knowing backup routes can save time when unexpected delays happen.
• Stay in contact with dispatch teams – Many haulage firms have logistics teams that monitor road conditions and advise on diversions.

By staying proactive and flexible, you can reduce the stress of delays and keep deliveries on track.

Final thoughts

HGV driving offers a stable and rewarding career for those who enjoy life on the road. With demand for drivers remaining high, there’s no shortage of work, whether you choose full-time employment or self-employed contracts.

Beyond the financial benefits, HGV driving provides variety and independence. No two days are the same one week, you could be delivering goods locally, and the next, you might be driving cross-country. Many drivers enjoy the freedom of being out on the road rather than working in an office or warehouse.

It’s also a career with long-term opportunities. Some drivers specialise in transporting hazardous goods, refrigerated freight, or oversized loads, which can lead to higher earnings. Others progress into fleet management, training roles, or even running their own haulage businesses.

Once you’ve qualified, finding work is easier than ever. Many new drivers start by applying to haulage firms, while others use freight platforms like Haulage Exchange to secure regular contracts. With the right approach, you can build a strong reputation and gain steady, well-paid work.

If you’re ready to get started, begin by checking if you’re eligible, applying for your provisional HGV licence, and booking your training. A successful HGV career could be just a few months away.

HGV driver FAQs

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