Haulage Exchange

Logistics is the backbone of global trade, making sure goods move efficiently from manufacturers to consumers. With e-commerce and international supply chains growing fast, the industry offers strong logistics employment opportunities for those seeking stability and long-term career potential.

In this guide, we’ll explore the advantages of a career in logistics, the essential skills you need, and how technology is shaping the future. We’ll also cover common challenges and give practical tips on starting and advancing in this exciting field.

Key advantages of a career in logistics

A career in logistics comes with many benefits, from job security to global exposure.

1. High demand and job security

The demand for logistics professionals continues to rise as supply chains grow more complex. Businesses need experts to manage transportation, warehousing, and delivery services, creating a steady stream of logistics employment opportunities.

This demand spans every level, from entry roles to senior positions in planning and analysis. If you’re considering self-employment, you could even explore starting a haulage company, which is a strong option in the UK market.

2. Excellent salary and growth potential

Logistics roles often come with competitive salaries, especially as you gain experience or move into management.

Entry-level positions in logistics occupations such as warehouse coordination typically start at around £20,000 to £25,000, while senior roles in supply chain management jobs can reach £60,000 or more.

For those who prefer entrepreneurial paths, running a small haulage business can deliver even higher earnings when managed well. The variety of roles means you can tailor your career to suit your ambitions and skills.

3. Global exposure and transferable skills

Logistics is a global industry, so your expertise is valuable worldwide. Many roles involve working with international partners, offering opportunities to travel or collaborate across borders.

The skills you gain in logistics (such as planning, problem-solving, and digital proficiency), transfer easily to other sectors. Whether you start in jobs in logistics or move into consulting, the knowledge remains super marketable.

Essential skills and typical qualifications required

Success in logistics requires a mix of technical and soft skills. While qualifications help, employers often value practical knowledge and adaptability.

Analytical and digital capabilities

Modern logistics careers demand comfort with data analysis and digital tools; from tracking shipments to using inventory software, being tech-savvy can set you apart.

Understanding systems like transport management software and automation platforms is now a requirement for higher-level roles.

Communication and problem-solving skills

Logistics is all about coordination, so clear communication matters. You’ll work with drivers, warehouse teams, and customers to keep everything moving smoothly.

Problem-solving is equally important because delays and disruptions happen. Quick thinking helps keep goods on schedule, even under pressure.

Formal education versus apprenticeships

A degree in supply chain or business can be helpful for management positions, but it’s not always required. Many successful professionals start through apprenticeships or industry certifications.

For hands-on roles like freight operations, experience often counts as much as formal education. If you’re interested in freight forwarding, you should investigate how to start a freight forwarding company.

Career options and roles in logistics

There’s no shortage of variety when it comes to logistics employment opportunities. Roles include warehouse supervisors, transport planners, freight coordinators, and specialists in customs and compliance.

Entry-level positions often include dispatch assistants, supply chain clerks, and stock controllers, which provide great pathways into the industry. These roles usually require GCSEs or equivalent and can grow into higher-paid positions with experience.

Higher-level positions in supply chain management jobs involve strategy, analytics, and global planning. For example, transport managers and procurement specialists often command salaries between £40,000 and £70,000, depending on experience.

Drivers and owner-operators also play a huge part in logistics. There are consistent openings in haulage, courier companies, and HGV transport.

If you’re entrepreneurial, owning a fleet or offering services as freight forwarders can be both lucrative and flexible.

Impact of modern technology on logistics jobs

Technology is reshaping logistics occupations and creating demand for new skills. Here are some major trends.

Automation and process digitisation

Automation in warehouses and robotic picking systems is now common. These technologies reduce errors and speed up operations, but they also create roles in maintenance, programming, and systems oversight.

Digitisation streamlines scheduling, routing, and resource allocation. Professionals who understand how to use these tools can quickly move into senior positions.

Data analytics, IoT and industry innovation

IoT sensors provide real-time visibility, tracking everything from location to temperature for cold chain logistics. This data feeds into predictive analytics systems that anticipate delays before they happen.

Blockchain is also gaining traction for improving transparency, while digital twins allow companies to simulate supply chain changes virtually before making real-world adjustments. These innovations have boosted the demand for tech-savvy candidates in logistics careers.

Challenges in logistics careers and how to address them

While logistics offers great rewards, it’s not without challenges. Here are some common issues and solutions:

How to begin and advance in logistics

Starting and growing in logistics takes planning and the right approach. Here are four practical steps to help you succeed:

FAQs about logistics careers

Is logistics a good career field?

Yes, logistics offers strong job security and growth opportunities. The industry is essential to global trade and e-commerce, making it a reliable career path.

What is the main benefit of logistics?

The biggest benefit of logistics careers is stability, as logistics underpins almost every industry. It also offers competitive salaries and a wide range of roles to suit different skill sets.

How to answer “why are you interested in logistics?”

Mention your interest in problem-solving, organisation, and working in a fast-paced environment. Highlight your enthusiasm for technology and global business trends.

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

📚 Old qualification, modern problems

Traffic Commissioners are urging a review of the Transport Manager CPC, saying too many qualified TMs are falling short in real-life responsibilities.

With growing pressures on compliance, tech and law, the CPC may no longer be fit for purpose.

🚛 Fewer trucks, higher rates: market shifts in July

July saw an unexpected rise in transport costs, fuelled by a drop in available capacity, according to TEG Logistics Technology. With both courier and haulage prices climbing, it’s a sign that summer slowdown isn’t a given.

Get the latest numbers, what’s driving the shift, and what to watch heading into autumn.

⚠️ Your drivers are racking up fines – here’s what to do

Fleets are seeing a “significant” jump in fines for everything from PCNs to clean air zone breaches. But the real problem? Most operators are struggling to keep track.

Find out what’s behind the rise, and how better systems can help you avoid spiralling penalties.

🚧 Make your mark: how conspicuity rules work

Conspicuity markings aren’t just tape – they’re legal safety kit. Get them wrong and you risk fines or worse.

This guide breaks down what the rules say, how to apply markings properly, and the key do’s and don’ts for UK fleets.

🔧 Sweaty cabs = lost revenue

Air con issues aren’t just uncomfortable — they cost you. Poor cooling leads to driver fatigue, downtime, and expensive repairs if left unchecked.

This guide covers how to keep your HGV’s A/C system in top shape, from re-gassing cycles to spotting problems early.

Also worth a read

Supply chain optimisation is the process of making every stage of the supply chain as efficient and cost-effective as possible. It focuses on balancing speed, quality, and flexibility while keeping costs under control.

In this guide, we’ll take you through why supply chain optimisation matters and the methods businesses use to achieve it. We’ll look at the phases involved, the key techniques, the benefits, and even the challenges you should prepare for.

Key takeaways

Why supply chain optimisation matters

Supply chains can make or break a business. When the flow of goods and information is disrupted, the result is often late deliveries, higher expenses, and unhappy customers.

Optimisation addresses these issues by reducing waste, improving planning, and making operations more resilient. Businesses that embrace this approach can respond faster to changes in demand and stay competitive in a global market.

Phases of optimisation

Optimising the supply chain isn’t a single step; it’s a continuous process with several phases. Each phase builds on the last to create a stronger, more responsive network.

1. Design network structure and processes

The design phase sets the foundation for supply chain success. It involves decisions about warehouse locations, multimodal transport routes, and technology systems to support smooth operations.

This is also where businesses decide whether to use freight forwarders for international shipments, which can simplify customs clearance and reduce delays on cross-border routes. The goal is to create a layout that reduces transportation costs while meeting customer expectations.

2. Planning demand and inventory strategy

Planning is about forecasting demand accurately and ensuring stock levels are always aligned. Businesses analyse market data and trends to predict what customers will need and when.

Effective planning helps avoid two common problems: overstocking and stockouts. By maintaining the right balance, companies can keep costs down while ensuring product availability.

3. Execution systems and real-time control

Execution is where plans turn into action, and technology plays a vital role. Businesses use systems that provide real-time tracking, inventory monitoring, and instant alerts for any delays.

Real-time control allows for quick adjustments when something goes wrong. Whether it’s rerouting shipments or reallocating resources, these systems keep operations running smoothly.

Optimisation approaches and techniques

There’s no single formula for supply chain optimisation. Companies combine different methods based on their size, industry, and goals. Here are some common approaches.

Cost control and inventory optimisation

Managing inventory efficiently is key to reducing costs. Techniques like just-in-time delivery, demand-based replenishment, and safety stock planning help maintain lean operations.

Technology enhances these methods by using predictive analytics and automation to make decisions quickly. This approach guarantees products flow through the chain without unnecessary delays or storage costs.

Network configuration and logistics optimisation

The physical structure of a supply chain has a big impact on cost and speed. Businesses often redesign their distribution networks to improve delivery times and reduce fuel use.

Using a freight exchange platform makes route planning and carrier selection easier. For companies with large-scale haulage and logistics operations, this flexibility leads to better use of vehicles and capacity.

Supplier collaboration and integration

Suppliers are essential partners in an optimised supply chain. Businesses that share demand forecasts and performance data with suppliers benefit from faster response times and fewer delays.

Integration tools allow real-time communication and collaboration. This reduces errors, strengthens relationships, and helps create a supply chain that can adapt quickly to changing conditions.

Key outcomes and business benefits

When businesses invest in supply chain optimisation, the results are measurable and long-lasting. Here’s what companies can expect.

Reduced costs and higher margins

Better route planning, streamlined warehousing, and efficient use of resources reduce operating costs. These savings often lead to higher margins and improved profitability.

Lower inventory costs also free up working capital, giving businesses more financial flexibility. This allows for reinvestment in technology, staff training, and growth initiatives.

Improved quality and visibility

Quality improves naturally when every process is transparent and monitored. Businesses can identify issues earlier and resolve them before they affect customers.

Visibility across the chain also supports better decision-making. Access to real-time data helps managers respond quickly to disruptions and make informed choices about resources.

Resilience against disruptions and sustainable practices

An optimised supply chain is less vulnerable to shocks like fuel price changes, labour shortages, or extreme weather events. Businesses can adjust faster because they already have contingency plans and flexible networks.

Sustainability is another benefit. Optimised routes reduce emissions, and efficient inventory planning minimises waste. Many businesses now include environmental goals as part of their optimisation strategy.

Real‑world examples and use cases

Supply chain optimisation is not just theory; many companies have proven its impact with measurable results. Here are two case studies showing how businesses achieved success.

Toyota’s just-in-time production system

Toyota revolutionised supply chain optimisation with its just-in-time production system. This method synchronises part deliveries with assembly schedules to eliminate waste and reduce storage costs.

The approach allows Toyota to maintain lean inventories without compromising production speed. By focusing on continuous improvement, the company achieves lower costs, faster response times, and higher-quality output.

This model has influenced industries worldwide and is now a benchmark for manufacturing efficiency. It demonstrates how strong supplier relationships and data-driven planning create long-term value.

DHL’s real-time visibility tracking

DHL uses IoT-enabled sensors to monitor shipments in real time, providing instant alerts when disruptions occur. These devices track temperature, location, and humidity, which is essential for sensitive goods like pharmaceuticals.

The data collected feeds into predictive analytics tools that forecast potential delays before they impact delivery schedules. This proactive approach improves reliability and strengthens customer confidence.

DHL’s success highlights the value of digital innovation in supply chain optimisation. Businesses of any size can replicate elements of this strategy by adopting tracking solutions and integrating data for smarter decisions.

Future trends in supply chain optimisation

Technology continues to shape the future of supply chain optimisation. Here are some trends that are transforming how businesses operate.

AI-driven decision making and automation

Artificial intelligence is changing the way businesses forecast demand and manage operations. AI systems analyse huge datasets to predict trends and suggest cost-saving adjustments.

Automation improves efficiency by taking over repetitive tasks like order processing and inventory updates. This frees up staff for higher-level work and speeds up the overall process.

IoT tracking, blockchain and digital twins

IoT devices make it easy to monitor goods in real time. Businesses can track shipments, temperature-sensitive items, and vehicle locations with precision.

Blockchain adds security and transparency, which is essential for industries that rely on traceability. Digital twins (virtual models of supply chains) allow businesses to test scenarios and anticipate issues before they happen.

Challenges and common issues

How to build a successful supply chain optimisation strategy

Frequently asked questions

Which technique is used for supply chain optimisation?

Popular techniques include inventory management, route optimisation, and demand forecasting. Businesses often combine these methods with automation and AI to achieve better results.

What is the first step of supply chain optimisation?

The first step is to map your existing supply chain and highlight inefficiencies. This provides the data needed to design an effective improvement plan.

What is a supply chain in simple words?

A supply chain is the system that moves goods from suppliers to customers. It covers everything from raw materials to the final delivery point.

Conspicuity markings help make large vehicles more visible on the road, especially at night or in poor weather. For UK and EU haulage firms running fleets of HGVs and trailers, getting this right isn’t just about compliance—it also protects drivers and others on the road.

In this article, we’ll explain what conspicuity markings are, where they’re required, how they differ across the UK and EU, and how to apply them properly to different vehicle types. We’ll also cover the latest rules, enforcement checks, and tips for keeping your fleet compliant.

What are conspicuity markings?

Conspicuity markings are reflective lines—usually in yellow, white, or red—that outline the sides and rear of large goods vehicles. They’re made from HGV reflective tape that reflects light from approaching headlights, helping other road users see the full shape and length of a vehicle.

When fitted correctly, these markings reduce the risk of side and rear collisions, particularly in poor visibility. They’re especially helpful for long vehicles like walking floor trailers or rigids travelling at night.

Most conspicuity tape regulations apply to vehicles over certain weight thresholds. We’ll cover the exact classes later on.

How conspicuity tape works

Conspicuity tape uses microprismatic or glass bead retroreflective materials. These materials bounce light from headlights back toward its source, making vehicles more visible from a distance.

It’s not just about sticking tape anywhere. The way you apply it—how close it is to the edges, how far it runs along the body, and how high or low it sits—affects how well it works. The layout should match the outline of the vehicle as closely as possible.

Types of conspicuity tape used on HGVs

Most compliant HGV reflective tape meets UNECE Regulation 104. This standard outlines how reflective the tape must be, what colours are allowed, and how wide each strip needs to be (usually 50mm).

Tape must carry an E-mark and a homologation number to show it’s been tested and approved. Some high-spec tapes, such as diamond-grade options, last longer and are easier to apply to curved or uneven bodywork.

UK and EU conspicuity marking regulations

Rules for conspicuity markings come from both UK domestic law and international frameworks. Most are now based on UNECE Regulation 104 and Regulation 48, which lay out how to fit lighting and reflectors on vehicles.

The UK brought these rules into domestic law via amendments to the Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989. Since 10 July 2011, most new goods vehicles and trailers must have approved conspicuity markings at manufacture or first use.

Vehicle marking regulations in the UK

Rear markings must outline at least 80% of the width of the vehicle, sitting as close to the top and bottom edges as possible. Side markings should run along at least 80% of the vehicle’s length (excluding the cab), ending within 600mm of the front and rear. The lower edge should be between 250mm and 1,500mm from the ground.

Tick marks at the upper corners help show the vehicle’s height. DVSA fleet compliance inspectors will expect these features to be present at annual test.

Conspicuity tape regulations across EU countries

Many EU member states follow UNECE Regulation 48 closely. But there are some differences.

In some cases, haulage vehicles need only 70% side coverage instead of 80%, and cab length is included in the overall vehicle length. This means the markings start nearer the front than UK layouts require. An alternative layout allows fleets to use a series of approved retroreflectors near the front instead of full-length tape.

These layouts are especially common on international trailers and vehicles approved under EU Directive 2007/35/EC.

For firms using international HGV drivers or operating cross-border, it’s worth training depot teams on both UK and EU marking differences to avoid delays at inspection points.

Marking standards by vehicle type

Not all vehicles suit standard marking layouts. Some have equipment or structural features that block part of the trailer body. In those cases, a line marking layout may be used instead of full or partial contour marking.

If you operate a mixed fleet with specialist trailers, it’s safer to assume that some level of customisation or manufacturer guidance will be needed. The DVSA allows for these cases during inspections, as long as the markings reach the minimum standard and follow acceptable positions.

Rear markings and acceptable alternatives

Rear markings can be tape or rear marker plates (R70.01 approved). If fitted correctly, R70.01 plates can count toward the rear contour requirement. They must sit at least 200mm from the stop lamps and be within 400mm of the top edge of the body.

Avoid mixing older R70.00 plates with reflective tape. These don’t count toward compliance under current rules.

Inspection, type approval and enforcement

From 2012 onwards, the DVSA has checked conspicuity markings during the annual HGV test. Examiners check the rear and side tapes or markings. If the layout falls outside the required positions, the vehicle may be flagged.

If your vehicles fall under EC Whole Vehicle Type Approval, the markings will likely be installed before delivery. But it’s still the operator’s responsibility to keep the markings in good condition.

Wear and tear, pressure washing, or UV exposure can all fade or peel reflective tape. Drivers should include visual checks as part of their daily walkarounds. It also helps support wider compliance with drivers’ hours rules and safety policies.

Using HGV reflective tape across a mixed fleet

Fleet managers running courier vans, rigids and articulated trailers may struggle with consistency. You might not need conspicuity markings on vans under 3.5 tonnes, but it’s worth considering uniform markings across the fleet for visual consistency and road safety.

This becomes more relevant when vehicles carry branded wraps, or when markings form part of your haulage fleet insurance risk profile.

Many operators pair reflective tape with edge-mounted lamps for increased visibility. Just make sure the combined layout doesn’t breach lighting regulations or make marker lights harder to see.

Choosing the right conspicuity markings for your fleet

Choosing conspicuity markings starts with compliance. But cost, durability, and fitment method also matter.

Look for E-marked tape with an approval code matching ECE 104. Suppliers should provide test certificates or technical datasheets on request. Avoid cheap, unbranded imports that may not reflect consistently or stick to the vehicle surface.

Speak to your bodybuilder or trailer supplier about mounting points. Some older vehicles may need small modifications, such as aluminium strips or brackets, to create flat surfaces for tape application.

High-performance tapes can improve visibility at distances of up to 1,000 metres. This is especially useful in poor weather or when transporting goods like food, chemicals, or cold chain transport.

A well-marked trailer is also easier to spot in depots, on ferry decks, or when coupling in the dark.

Conspicuity regulation FAQs

What are conspicuity markings and when are they required?

These are reflective strips applied to HGVs and trailers to outline their shape and improve visibility. They’re required on vehicles over 7.5 tonnes MAM (or 3.5 tonnes for trailers) first registered on or after 10 July 2011.

Are conspicuity rules the same across the UK and EU?

Not quite. While both follow UNECE Regulation 104, the UK requires 80% coverage and excludes the cab. Some EU countries allow 70% coverage and include the cab. Always check local guidance when operating internationally.

What are the conspicuity tape regulations for skip loaders and other specialist vehicles?

Line markings are often acceptable if a full contour isn’t possible due to the body design. DVSA examiners allow for this, as long as the markings meet length and height rules and are clearly visible.

Do vans need to follow conspicuity marking rules too?

Only if the van exceeds 3.5 tonnes MAM. However, many operators still use markings on lighter vans for consistency and visibility—especially for night work, urban deliveries or ULEZ-compliant HGVs operating in London.

How do I know if my conspicuity tape is compliant?

Check for the E-mark and approval code under ECE 104. The tape should be yellow, white, or red, depending on the position, and be at least 50mm wide. If in doubt, ask your supplier or refer to the DVSA’s HGV inspection manual.

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

📉 Tired drivers = costly claims

Fatigued drivers are a growing risk — and insurers are sounding the alarm. Beyond the legal obligations, ignoring fatigue can mean higher costs, more incidents, and staff turnover.

🔍 How to find ULEZ-friendly hauliers

ULEZ rules are tightening — and if your haulier isn’t compliant, you’re risking delays, fines, or a reputational hit.

This guide walks through how to find ULEZ-compliant partners and keep your goods (and conscience) clean.

⚖️ No plan. No training. One fatal mistake.

A UK textile firm has been fined £220,000 after a director was fatally injured by a reversing HGV.

With no risk assessment or safe system in place, the incident highlights the legal and human costs of poor safety practices.

📋 Keep it legal: hours, breaks & records

Whether you’re running UK or international freight, driver hours rules are non-negotiable.

This guide explains maximum shifts, mandatory breaks, and POA rules — without the jargon.

🔐 One password to doom them all

KNP, a 158-year-old UK haulier, collapsed after a single compromised password triggered a £5m ransomware attack.

It’s a brutal reminder that cyber threats are real — and no fleet is immune.

Multimodal transport is the movement of goods using two or more different modes of transport under a single contract and operator. This means one logistics provider is responsible for coordinating the entire journey, even if the cargo travels by road, rail, sea, or air.

Multimodal logistics is increasingly popular thanks to its simplicity, speed, and flexibility across borders. In this guide, we’ll look at how multimodal logistics works, compare it with intermodal transport, and show how businesses can benefit from this approach.

Multimodal vs intermodal transport explained

Multimodal and intermodal transport both use a combination of road, rail, sea, or air to move goods.

The main difference is that multimodal transport involves one contract and a single logistics provider responsible for the entire journey, while intermodal uses multiple contracts with different carriers for each leg.

Transportation modes in multimodal logistics

Multimodal logistics depends on combining different freight methods to move goods across countries and continents.

Each mode plays a unique role depending on the cargo, route, and final destination.

Road freight

Road freight offers flexibility for first-mile and last-mile delivery, connecting other transport hubs like rail depots or ports. It’s often managed by freight forwarders who coordinate pickups and deliveries as part of the wider logistics chain.

Rail freight

Rail is ideal for long-distance inland transport, offering lower costs and emissions than road. It’s well-suited for large volumes of goods moving across borders or regions.

Sea freight

Sea freight is commonly used in freight forwarding for international shipments, especially heavy or high-volume cargo.

It’s the most cost-effective mode for long-haul global delivery, though it tends to be slower than others and often requires careful customs clearance to avoid delays at ports.

Air freight

Air freight is the fastest mode and is ideal for time-sensitive or high-value items. It’s often used to bridge gaps in longer multimodal routes when speed is a non-negotiable.

Pipeline transport

Pipelines are used for specific cargo types like oil, gas, or chemicals, usually over long distances. Though limited in scope, they can be a part of certain industrial multimodal routes.

Benefits and challenges of multimodal transport

Multimodal logistics offers several advantages, especially when it comes to efficiency, cost, and emissions. That said, it’s not without a few operational hurdles that shippers should keep in mind.

Cost savings and faster transit

By combining modes like air and rail or sea and truck, businesses can reduce costs and delivery times.

Multimodal transportation is especially efficient for long-distance routes that would be expensive or slow if handled by a single mode alone.

Solid communication and accountability

With one contract and a single logistics provider, communication is centralised, reducing admin and confusion. There’s one point of contact for the entire journey, simplifying issue resolution and status updates.

This structure helps avoid miscommunication between carriers and offers greater consistency from dispatch to delivery. You can read more about how responsibilities differ in our guide to freight brokers vs freight forwarders.

Paperwork complexity and tracking challenges

While multimodal transport simplifies communication, it can still involve complex documentation for international shipments.

Customs rules vary by country, and delays can happen if paperwork isn’t properly prepared or submitted.

Tracking is also centralised but not always accurate, especially when goods move across networks with varying levels of tech infrastructure.

Smaller carriers may lack real-time visibility tools or integrations with the main provider.

Supply chain disruption risks

Multimodal logistics can be more vulnerable to disruption if one mode fails or delays occur at important transfer points. A delay at a seaport or rail terminal, for example, can affect the whole shipment timeline.

To reduce risk, some businesses build in buffer time or use secondary carriers for contingency. Others rely on digital supply chain optimisation tools to reroute goods mid-transit based on availability and updated timelines.

Real world examples and industry applications

Multimodal transportation isn’t just theory: it’s being deployed by leading logistics firms for cost savings, speed, and sustainability. Here are a few real-world implementations making an impact today:

DHL’s MMEX (Multimodal Express)

DHL launched its MMEX service in early 2019, combining ocean, air, and road transport to deliver shipments from China or Vietnam to the US, Europe, and Latin America in under 20 days.

The programme handles over 5 million kg and serves more than 300 customers, offering a sustainable and faster alternative to traditional ocean freight.

DHL & Schneider Electric Air‑Sea Multimodal Pilot

In partnership with Schneider Electric, DHL’s Asian multimodal bridges (e.g. Singapore–North America) used sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) on air legs and sea legs where possible, reducing carbon emissions by up to 40% vs conventional air freight.

AI‑driven container planning

A 2021 study on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for multimodal logistics showed that AI‑based container assignment algorithms can reduce total transport costs by 20.48%–55.32% and increase rail capacity use by up to 20.54% compared to traditional planning.

Essential documentation for multimodal shipments

Multimodal transport may be managed under a single contract, but it still requires a full set of documents to move goods across borders and between modes.

These help guarantee legal compliance, proper billing, cargo security, and smooth customs processes.

Managing multimodal operations effectively

Running a seamless multimodal operation means more than just linking transport modes; it’s about coordination, visibility, and control at every handover point.

From planning routes to tracking cargo and managing timelines, effective multimodal logistics relies on strong communication between carriers, ports, warehouses, and customs agents.

When done right, multimodal operations can reduce costs, speed up transit times, and make global logistics far more efficient.

Technology shaping multimodal logistics

Digital innovation is revolutionising multi mode transport by strengthening cost efficiency, reducing emissions, and strengthening supply chain resilience. Let’s take a closer look:

Real‑time tracking

Real-time tracking technologies (like GPS, IoT sensors, and TMS platforms), can lower delays by up to 58%, dramatically reducing missed-pickup costs and customer claims.

These tools improve transparency, cut operational inefficiencies, and empower proactive decision-making on routes and timing.

Automation and autonomous systems

Automation in ports, warehouses, and vehicles helps improve the movement and handling of multimodal cargo. For instance, coordinated platooning of trucks enabled around 10% fuel savings in EU trials via automated cruise and road-grade systems.

Blockchain for secure data exchange

Blockchain is increasingly used in logistics to secure and speed up information exchange between carriers and customs agencies.

Enterprises implementing blockchain have reported 15–35% cost savings and 30–60% faster cycle times in documentation and shipments.

Future trends in multimodal transport

Multimodal transport is picking up speed as businesses try to move goods faster, cleaner, and with fewer headaches.

One of the biggest shifts on the horizon is the push for greener logistics, with more companies swapping trucks for trains or using electric vehicles on last-mile deliveries.

Digital tools are also getting smarter. From AI that plans routes in seconds to blockchain systems that cut through paperwork, tech is making it easier to keep everything running smoothly across modes.

Infrastructure is catching up too. More governments and ports are investing in multimodal hubs, smart terminals, and better rail links to support this kind of joined-up thinking.

Multimodal transport FAQs

What are the benefits of multimodal transport?

Multimodal transport simplifies the shipping process by using one provider across multiple transport modes. It can cut costs, reduce emissions, and offer better coordination from pickup to delivery.

What are the disadvantages of multimodal transport?

You may face higher upfront costs, complex customs rules, or delays at transfer points. If one mode runs into trouble, the whole shipment can be affected.

When should businesses use multimodal transport?

It’s a good choice when you’re moving goods across long distances or borders and want to balance speed, cost, and sustainability. It also works well when one transport mode alone isn’t practical.

Who manages multimodal logistics?

A single logistics provider or freight forwarder handles the full journey. They coordinate every leg of the route, even if it switches from sea to road or rail to air.

What documentation is required in multimodal transport?

You’ll need a multimodal bill of lading, commercial invoice, customs paperwork, and possibly licences or certificates depending on your cargo. It’s all managed under one contract, but still requires careful admin to avoid delays.

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

💨 Hydrogen who? Stellantis scraps H2O plans

Stellantis, which makes commercial vehicles under the Citroen, FIAT Professional, Opel, Peugeot, Ram and Vauxhall brands, is scrapping its hydrogen programme to focus on EVs and hybrids — a move that signals which way the wind is blowing for van fleets.

📄 What’s a waybill? (And why it matters)

A waybill is more than just a bit of paper — it’s a legal document that keeps your goods moving and protects your business.

🚐 Vans too heavy? Your wallet’s going to feel it

DVSA says van overloading fines hit £390,000 last year — and it’s getting stricter. Many operators don’t even realise they’re overloaded until it’s too late.

❄️ Frozen, not frazzled: your cold chain playbook

Cold chain logistics is about more than temperature — it’s about timing, tracking and control.

From sensors to SOPs, this complete guide breaks down how to keep food, pharma and other perishable goods safe, compliant and profitable.

🛠️ Maintenance plans gathering dust? Fix that.

Plenty of fleets have a preventive maintenance (PM) plan. But if it’s not used, it’s useless.

This US-based article breaks down how to build a calendar that’s clear, collaborative and actually gets followed — not ignored. With lessons UK fleets can steal too.

🔌 Switching to e-vans? Avoid these rookie errors

Switching from diesel to electric vans isn’t just about plugging in and hoping for the best.

From charging setup to payload planning and driver training, this guide walks through the key steps for a smooth, stress-free transition.

A waybill is a document that travels with goods during transport and outlines the important details of the shipment. It’s used by carriers, recipients, and customs officials to track, move, and confirm delivery of goods.

In this guide, we’ll break down the full waybill meaning, how waybills compare to similar documents, and what you need to know if you’re moving freight across the UK or internationally.

Why waybills are necessary in logistics

A waybill acts as the backbone of many transport operations. It provides a clear and written summary of what’s being moved, who it’s for, and how it’s getting there.

Because the waybill travels with the goods, it’s available whenever there’s a handover, checkpoint, or delivery. It’s often needed for smooth customs clearance, especially when moving goods between countries.

It also supports more accurate and transparent communication between parties, particularly freight forwarders, carriers, and recipients.

In short, a waybill helps prevent confusion, delays, and disputes during the shipping process.

Main components of a waybill

A standard waybill includes a few important sections. These help keep everyone in the loop from the moment goods leave the warehouse until they’re delivered.

All these fields work together to support the core waybill meaning. In other words: a detailed, transport-ready summary of your shipment that travels with the goods.

If you’re still wondering what is a waybill number, it’s simply the unique code that identifies your shipment. This number is important for tracking in real time and is often entered into carrier systems or freight exchange platforms to keep tabs on the shipment’s status.

Types of waybills

There’s more than one type of waybill, and each is tailored to the mode of transport being used. Below are the most common types you’ll come across.

Road waybill

Also called a CMR (after the French term for the convention that regulates it), the road waybill is used when goods travel by lorry across borders.

It contains standardised sections for all the necessary info required under European law.

Rail waybills

These are used when goods are transported by train. A rail waybill will often include extra details about the rail route, wagons, and handling instructions.

Air waybill

Used for air freight, the air waybill (AWB) is a non-negotiable document that outlines the terms of the air cargo contract.

It’s standardised by IATA and is one of the most widely recognised waybill types.

Sea waybill

The sea waybill is used for ocean freight, and unlike a bill of lading, it doesn’t serve as proof of ownership.

This speeds up delivery since the recipient doesn’t need to present the original document to collect their cargo.

House waybills

These are created by freight forwarders to cover individual shipments within a larger load. They’re often used when several clients’ goods are combined into one container.

Master waybills

A master waybill is issued by the main carrier (like a shipping line or airline) and covers all goods in a consolidated shipment. It links directly to the house waybills inside.

Multimodal waybills

If your goods are travelling by more than one method (say, road and sea), you’ll use a multimodal transport waybill. This provides one document to cover the entire journey, simplifying handovers and recordkeeping.

Waybill vs bill of lading

It’s easy to confuse a waybill with a bill of lading (BOL), but there are some clear differences. The biggest one? A waybill is not a document of title, so it can’t be used to claim ownership of the goods.

A waybill is simpler and quicker to use in many cases, especially when there’s no need to transfer ownership during transit. If you’re working with a freight forwarder, they’ll advise you on when a BOL is required instead.

Functions and legal importance of waybills

Although a waybill doesn’t transfer ownership, it still plays several important roles. Here’s what it does:

Contract of carriage

A signed waybill acts as evidence of the agreement between the sender and the carrier. It outlines what’s being shipped and under what terms.

Receipt of goods

The waybill also serves as proof that the carrier has taken possession of the goods. This can be helpful when working out disputes or confirming delivery status.

Tracking and dispute handling

The waybill number allows everyone involved to track the shipment from start to finish. If anything goes missing or arrives damaged, the waybill is often the first thing reviewed.

How to complete a waybill

If you understand the waybill meaning, you’ll know it’s more than just admin: it’s what keeps your shipment moving without delays, confusion, or disputes.

What to include on your waybill

Who fills in what?

The sender usually completes the first part of the waybill, especially anything related to the goods themselves. It’s their responsibility to give an accurate and full description.

The carrier or freight forwarder may complete transport-specific fields, like routing or reference numbers. In some cases, they’ll double-check the document before pickup to make sure nothing’s missing.

Before the shipment leaves, make sure both parties have a copy (physical or digital). If you’re using a freight exchange or logistics platform, the document may be shared and stored automatically.

Common errors and how to avoid them

Here are some of the most common mistakes seen on waybills. We’ll also explain how to avoid them:

Waybill examples and templates

There’s no one-size-fits-all template, but most waybills follow the same structure. If you’re creating one from scratch or filling in a digital version, look for:

Most carriers and freight exchange platforms provide templates you can download or fill in online. Some also offer e-waybills that update in real-time and reduce paperwork.

Frequently asked questions

Can a waybill be used as proof of ownership?

No, unlike a bill of lading, a waybill doesn’t transfer title of the goods. It’s used for tracking, delivery, and as a receipt, but not for claiming ownership.

What’s the difference between a waybill and a bill of lading?

The main difference is that a bill of lading acts as a title document, while a waybill does not. A waybill is faster to process because it doesn’t need to be presented to collect goods.

Do I need a waybill for customs clearance?

Yes, especially for international shipments. It helps customs identify what’s being transported, how, and who’s involved, which links directly to import tax and customs duties.

What should I do if my waybill contains errors?

Fix the errors before the shipment is picked up if possible. If it’s already en-route, notify your carrier or freight forwarder straight away so they can update the info.

Are electronic waybills valid?

Yes, e-waybills are widely accepted and often preferred. They’re easier to update and track, and many platforms now offer digital documentation as standard.

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

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Intermodal transportation is a logistics method where goods are moved using two or more modes of transport (like rail, road, or sea), without handling the cargo itself when switching between modes.

This is made possible through the use of standardised intermodal freight containers that remain sealed throughout the journey.

In this guide, we’ll break down how intermodal freight works, what makes it efficient, and where it’s most commonly used. You’ll learn about its benefits, practical applications, and the technologies that keep these systems running smoothly.

Intermodal vs multimodal explained

Intermodal transportation uses multiple modes of transport with a separate carrier (and contract) for each leg of the journey, allowing more flexibility at transfer points.

Multimodal transport also combines modes, but the entire shipment is handled by a single carrier under one contract.

If you’re managing complex shipments or working with multiple carriers, freight forwarders can help coordinate each leg of the journey.

Freight forwarding is the process of organising and managing the shipment of goods from one place to another, typically across borders. A freight forwarder acts as an intermediary between the shipper and various transport services, handling everything from bookings and paperwork to customs clearance and delivery.

Why intermodal transport is important

Intermodal transportation is growing in popularity thanks to its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability.

Long‑distance cost savings

Intermodal transport helps reduce costs by shifting long-haul segments to rail or sea, which are cheaper per mile than road freight. This is especially useful for businesses moving high volumes across regions or borders.

The China–Europe rail route is a great example, offering faster transit than sea and lower costs than air.

Many UK retailers also use rail from continental Europe to save on cross-border shipping expenses.

Less cargo handling and damage

Because goods stay inside one sealed container throughout the journey, there’s less need for manual handling at transfer points.

Intermodal containerization plays an important role here, allowing cargo to move between modes without unloading or repacking.

This is particularly valuable in sectors like automotive or pharmaceuticals, where fragile or high-value items need extra protection. Intermodal shipping helps maintain product integrity from manufacturer to end user

Lower environmental impact

Rail and barge emit much less CO₂ than trucks, making intermodal freight transport a cleaner alternative.

Many companies are adopting intermodal solutions to meet decarbonisation targets and improve sustainability reports.

For example, DPD and other e-commerce firms now combine electric delivery vans with rail freight for a low-emissions last-mile model. Green corridor projects across Europe are also prioritising intermodal infrastructure to meet climate goals.

Pros and cons of intermodal transport

Intermodal transport offers a range of advantages but also comes with a few trade-offs. Understanding both sides can help you decide whether it’s the right fit for your shipping strategy.

Pros

Cons

The most common mode combinations

Different transport modes are paired based on cargo type, distance, and available infrastructure.

Below are some of the most common intermodal combinations used in both domestic and international freight.

Ocean + Truck

Goods arrive at major ports via ocean freight and are then transported inland by road to warehouses or retail hubs.

This is the most common setup for international trade, especially for UK imports coming through ports like Felixstowe or Southampton.

Ocean + Rail

Shipments are moved from port to inland locations using rail instead of road, offering lower emissions and bulk capacity.

The China–Europe rail link is a good example, combining ocean freight to Russian ports with rail to central Europe.

Rail + Truck

Trucks handle the first or final mile, while rail covers the long-distance leg to reduce fuel use and congestion.

Many UK e-commerce retailers use this combo for cross-border shipments from Europe with local delivery by HGV.

Ocean + Barge

After arriving by sea, containers are transferred onto inland barges that move along rivers or canals.

This is common in Europe along the Rhine and Scheldt rivers, supporting low-emission cargo flow into landlocked regions.

Truck + Barge

Barges connect to road transport at smaller river ports, offering a quiet and efficient alternative to full road journeys.

In the Netherlands and Belgium, barge-to-truck setups are used to deliver goods into dense city centres without clogging roads while also avoiding congestion charges.

How intermodal containerisation works

At the heart of intermodal transport is intermodal containerisation: the system of using standardised containers that can easily switch between trucks, trains, ships, and barges.

This approach allows freight to move globally with minimal handling and maximum efficiency.

Common container types and sizes

Most intermodal freight containers fall into standard sizes like 20-foot (TEU) and 40-foot (FEU), which are used for everything from furniture to electronics. Other types include:

These containers are built to handle stacking, lifting, and long-distance travel across multiple modes.

Their durability and versatility make intermodal containerisation a reliable solution for many different industries.

International ISO container standards

All intermodal containers follow ISO (International Organization for Standardization) guidelines that guarantee global compatibility. These standards cover important details like:

Thanks to these shared specifications, a container loaded in Shanghai can move seamlessly by ship, rail, and road to the Midlands by a Birmingham haulage company without ever being opened.

Managing intermodal freight operations

Running a successful intermodal setup involves more than just choosing the right modes. The process usually involves both a freight broker and a freight forwarder.

The difference between freight brokers and freight forwarders lies in their role: brokers connect shippers with carriers for single shipments, while forwarders handle the full logistics chain, including documentation, customs, and coordination across multiple modes.

Timing, cargo type, and infrastructure all play a role in how smoothly your freight moves across the supply chain process.

Transit time and cost considerations

Intermodal freight often takes longer than direct trucking due to transfer points and scheduling. However, cost savings from using rail or sea legs often outweigh the extra time, especially for non-urgent shipments.

Businesses must weigh the trade-off between delivery speed and budget, depending on customer expectations and inventory cycles.

Some retailers compromise by using intermodal transport for restocking but reserve air or road for high-speed fulfilment.

Cargo characteristics and infrastructure

Certain goods (like bulk materials, durable goods, or packaged consumer items), are well suited to intermodal containerization. Fragile, high-value, or time-sensitive cargo may require more direct handling and specialist routing.

Success also depends on having access to terminals, cranes, storage yards, and reliable mode connectors. For international shipments, infrastructure must also support efficient customs clearance to avoid costly delays at borders.

Key documentation required

Intermodal transport crosses multiple borders and carriers, which means accurate paperwork is necessary at every stage.

The documents required can vary by region and cargo type, but most shipments will need the following:

Technology in intermodal logistics

Digital tools are transforming how intermodal freight is tracked, managed, and delivered. From smart ports to blockchain, technology is making the system faster, greener, and more reliable.

Smart port and port digitalisation

Smart ports use digital scheduling, sensors, and automation to manage container traffic and reduce dwell times.

This improves cargo flow, lowers emissions, and reduces idle time for ships and trucks.

Ports like Rotterdam and Hamburg are early adopters, offering real-time berth planning and container visibility. These upgrades are especially useful in managing peak periods and reducing port congestion.

Automation and autonomous systems

Automated cranes, vehicles, and robotic sorting systems help terminals move cargo more efficiently. This cuts labour costs and minimises delays caused by manual handling.

Some intermodal hubs use driverless trucks and rail shuttles within terminal grounds to keep operations running 24/7. These systems also reduce errors and speed up container transfer between modes.

Container tracking

Modern tracking systems use GPS, RFID, and IoT sensors to give real-time updates on container location and condition. This helps businesses manage delays and protect sensitive cargo.

High-value or temperature-sensitive shipments, like pharmaceuticals or electronics, benefit from constant monitoring. Customers also gain peace of mind through accurate delivery updates.

Blockchain and data security

Blockchain creates a secure, shared record of a shipment’s journey, reducing fraud and disputes. It can also automate transactions or alerts using smart contracts.

For intermodal freight, blockchain helps make customs clearance and cargo handoffs smoother. It’s especially useful in cross-border operations involving multiple carriers and jurisdictions.

Intermodal transportation FAQs

What is the difference between multimodal and intermodal?

Intermodal transportation uses multiple carriers, each responsible for a different leg of the journey, with separate contracts. Multimodal transport uses one provider and one contract to handle the entire shipment, even if it changes modes along the way.

What is the most common intermodal transportation?

The ocean–truck combination is the most widely used, especially for international freight. Goods arrive by ship and are delivered inland by HGV to warehouses or distribution centres.

Who is the largest intermodal carrier?

J.B. Hunt is one of the largest intermodal carriers in the United States. Globally, companies like Maersk and CMA CGM lead by integrating ocean, rail, and road logistics.

When is intermodal cheaper than truck loads?

Intermodal is usually more cost-effective for shipments travelling long distances where rail or sea can replace expensive road freight. It’s also cheaper when shipping large volumes that don’t need urgent delivery.

How does intermodal reduce emissions?

Switching from trucks to rail or barge for long-haul legs notably cuts CO₂ output. Many intermodal freight transport setups now support decarbonisation goals and greener supply chains.

What equipment is needed for intermodal shipping?

You’ll need intermodal freight containers, chassis for road legs, and terminal equipment like cranes or reach stackers. Some shipments may also require tracking devices or temperature control depending on the cargo.

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

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A UK tariff code is a unique number assigned to products that helps classify them for customs purposes, ensuring that the right taxes, duties, and fees are applied.

In this guide, we’ll explain everything you need to know about UK tariff codes, from why they matter to how you can easily find a tariff code. If you’re new to the world of importing and exporting or if you’re starting a haulage company, we’ve got you covered with clear and straightforward info to get you on track.

Why tariff codes matter for trade

Tariff codes are the backbone of international trade; without them, customs wouldn’t know what your goods are, what duties to charge, or if your goods need special permits.

If you get your tariff code wrong, you could face delays, problems with customs clearance, or get charged the wrong amount. That means paying too much or, even worse, not getting your goods through at all.

If you want to avoid mistakes like that, your first move is finding a tariff code that fits your product properly and lines up with how duties are applied (this ties closely to how import tax and customs duties are worked out in the UK).

Once you’ve got the right UK tariff code, your goods move through the system more smoothly, and you’re not caught off guard by extra costs or admin.

Understanding the harmonised system (HS)

The Harmonised System (HS) is a globally standardised way of classifying goods. It forms the foundation for tariff codes used around the world, including in the UK.

Every product traded internationally is assigned an HS code, which helps customs authorities identify what the item is, apply the correct duties, and monitor trade statistics.

HS codes are recognised in over 200 countries and used by more than 98% of international trade. So, getting familiar with the HS system is key if you want your goods to move across borders without issues.

HS code format and UK commodity code details

The HS code is always six digits long. The first two digits show the broader category of the product, while the next four digits narrow it down.

In the UK, the code is extended by another four digits to make a total of ten digits. This extra detail helps classify the product even more precisely for customs.

Let’s take an example: imagine you’re importing shoes. The HS code for footwear could be something like 6403, which would tell customs that it’s a particular type of shoe.

But the UK might add extra digits (say 6403 91 10) which would give even more info about the material and purpose of the shoes. This is where you can see the difference between the HS code and the commodity code, as the latter is more specific to the UK.

Main methods for finding tariff codes

Finding the right UK tariff code doesn’t have to be hard, but it does depend on the type of goods you’re working with. Below, we’ll go through some easy ways you can find a tariff code and get your products moving through customs without any hassle.

Let’s break it down and look at the different methods you can use to get the code you need for your goods. First off:

Option 1: Use the UK trade tariff online tool

One of the easiest ways to find a tariff code is by using the UK trade tariff online tool. This free tool lets you search for your product and quickly pull up the right code.

All you need to do is type in a description of your product! Then, the tool will give you the UK tariff code based on that.

It’s really straightforward to use, and it’s the first place you should go when you’re trying to figure out which code fits your product. If you’ve got a basic understanding of your goods, this tool can help you narrow down your options in no time.

Option 2: Email HMRC classification enquiries

If the online tool doesn’t cut it, or if you’re dealing with a more complex product, you can email HMRC for a classification enquiry.

HMRC will help you figure out the right tariff code based on a more detailed description of your goods.

While this might take a bit longer than using the online tool, it’s a great way to get certainty when you’re unsure about where your product falls in the tariff system. Freight forwarders also often have experience dealing with HMRC and can help you get the correct classification for your product.

Option 3: Search via sections, chapters, or A-Z index

Another way to find a tariff code is by browsing through the UK tariff book, either via sections or chapters. This allows you to see how different products are classified based on their type or function.

The A-Z index can also be helpful for a quick look-up. While this method is a little more manual, it can give you a solid understanding of where your product fits in the tariff system and help you find the right code without relying on the online tool.

Option 4: Obtain an advance tariff ruling (ATR / ATI)

If you’re still not sure which tariff code applies, you can request an advance tariff ruling (ATR) from HMRC. This means you’ll submit your product details, and HMRC will officially tell you which code applies.

This is particularly useful if you’re dealing with a complex or unusual product. Once you’ve got your ATR, you’ll know exactly how your goods should be classified, giving you peace of mind when it comes to customs clearance.

Extra code types and declaration rules

In addition to the regular UK tariff codes, there are a few extra code types that apply in specific situations. These are typically for goods that fall under quotas, suspensions, or are exempt from VAT, and they require special tariff codes.

If your product is one of these, it’s important to use the correct code to avoid any issues with taxes or customs. When it comes to trade, getting the small details right is paramount, so don’t overlook these extra rules.

Combined nomenclature, TARIC and national extensions

The combined nomenclature (CN) and TARIC systems are used to classify goods in the EU. Parts of these systems still apply in the UK, especially for goods moving between the UK and EU.

These systems use extra digits to give more detail about products, especially for those subject to quotas or special duties.

In addition, the UK has its own national extensions that provide even more precise classifications. These are added on top of the HS and CN codes to provide clarity for goods with unique characteristics or special treatment.

Applying codes for quotas, suspensions, and VAT

Certain goods fall under special rules, such as quotas, suspensions, or VAT exemptions. For these items, you’ll need to apply specific codes to make sure you’re meeting the regulations.

For example, some products might be exempt from certain duties if they’re classified under specific quotas or suspensions.

To keep things running smoothly, always double-check whether your product falls under these special classifications, especially if you’re dealing with large haulage businesses that regularly handle this kind of trade.

Common errors and how to avoid them

Tariff code FAQs

What’s the difference between HS and commodity codes?

The HS code is used worldwide for classifying products, while the commodity code is specific to each country, such as the UK. The UK’s commodity code extends the HS code, providing more detail about the product.

Can I use an overseas HS code in the UK?

Not always. The UK may require additional digits or modifications to the overseas HS code to meet national requirements. It’s a good idea to verify the code before using it in the UK.

Where can I find tariff information?

Tariff information is available through the UK trade tariff online tool or from HMRC. This tool makes it easy to find the right tariff code for your goods.

Who provides tariff codes?

Tariff codes are provided by HMRC, the UK’s customs authority. You can access these codes via the online tool or contact HMRC for further assistance.

Why do I need a tariff code?

You need a UK tariff code to determine the correct taxes, duties, and compliance requirements for your goods. It helps guarantee that your goods clear customs without issues and that you’re not overcharged or fined.

Feature	Multimodal transport	Intermodal transport
Contracts	One contract for the full journey	Different contracts for each mode involved
Carrier responsibility	Single logistics partner	Different carriers for each leg
Tracking	Typically centralised	May involve a few different systems
Flexibility	Less flexible but easier to manage	More flexible but harder to coordinate

Feature	Waybill	Bill of lading
Document of title	No	Yes
Can transfer ownership	No	Yes
Used for customs	Yes	Yes
Slows down delivery	No – no need to present original	Yes – often must present original
Issued by	Carrier or forwarder	Carrier
Tracking number	Has a waybill number	Has a BOL number

Feature	Intermodal transport	Multimodal transport
Contracts	Separate for each mode (allow tailored service levels)	Single contract for entire journey
Carrier responsibility	Multiple carriers selected per mode	One carrier manages whole shipment
Flexibility	Higher – choose best carrier per mode	Lower – depends on chosen provider
Tracking	Tracking can differ per leg	Single tracking platform across the journey

What we’ll cover

Key advantages of a career in logistics

1. High demand and job security

2. Excellent salary and growth potential

3. Global exposure and transferable skills

Essential skills and typical qualifications required

Analytical and digital capabilities

Communication and problem-solving skills

Formal education versus apprenticeships

Career options and roles in logistics

Impact of modern technology on logistics jobs

Automation and process digitisation

Data analytics, IoT and industry innovation

Challenges in logistics careers and how to address them

How to begin and advance in logistics

FAQs about logistics careers

Is logistics a good career field?

What is the main benefit of logistics?

How to answer “why are you interested in logistics?”

📚 Old qualification, modern problems

🚛 Fewer trucks, higher rates: market shifts in July

⚠️ Your drivers are racking up fines – here’s what to do

🚧 Make your mark: how conspicuity rules work

🔧 Sweaty cabs = lost revenue

Also worth a read

What we’ll cover

Key takeaways

Why supply chain optimisation matters

Phases of optimisation

1. Design network structure and processes

2. Planning demand and inventory strategy

3. Execution systems and real-time control

Optimisation approaches and techniques

Cost control and inventory optimisation

Network configuration and logistics optimisation

Supplier collaboration and integration

Key outcomes and business benefits

Reduced costs and higher margins

Improved quality and visibility

Resilience against disruptions and sustainable practices

Real‑world examples and use cases

Toyota’s just-in-time production system

DHL’s real-time visibility tracking

Future trends in supply chain optimisation

AI-driven decision making and automation

IoT tracking, blockchain and digital twins

Challenges and common issues

How to build a successful supply chain optimisation strategy

Frequently asked questions

Which technique is used for supply chain optimisation?

What is the first step of supply chain optimisation?

What is a supply chain in simple words?

What we’ll cover

What are conspicuity markings?

How conspicuity tape works

Types of conspicuity tape used on HGVs

UK and EU conspicuity marking regulations

Vehicle marking regulations in the UK

Conspicuity tape regulations across EU countries

Marking standards by vehicle type

Rear markings and acceptable alternatives

Inspection, type approval and enforcement

Using HGV reflective tape across a mixed fleet

Choosing the right conspicuity markings for your fleet

Conspicuity regulation FAQs

What are conspicuity markings and when are they required?

Are conspicuity rules the same across the UK and EU?

What are the conspicuity tape regulations for skip loaders and other specialist vehicles?

Do vans need to follow conspicuity marking rules too?

How do I know if my conspicuity tape is compliant?

📉 Tired drivers = costly claims

🔍 How to find ULEZ-friendly hauliers

⚖️ No plan. No training. One fatal mistake.

📋 Keep it legal: hours, breaks & records

🔐 One password to doom them all

What we’ll cover

Multimodal vs intermodal transport explained

Transportation modes in multimodal logistics

Road freight

Rail freight