Haulage Exchange

Bulk freight isn’t always easy to handle. When you’re collecting or delivering loose waste, woodchip, or agricultural produce, the job often needs a specific trailer setup.

In this guide, we’ll explain how walking floor trailers work, where they’re used, and what your fleet needs to operate them safely and legally.

We’ll also cover trailer types, health and safety, and sector opportunities—particularly for bulk and waste haulage work across the UK and EU.

What is a walking floor and how does it work?

A walking floor is a hydraulically powered trailer floor made up of slats that move in a sequence. It’s designed to gradually push material out the back of the trailer without tipping.

This unloading method keeps the vehicle stable at all times. That’s especially useful on uneven ground, at low-roof depots, or when working in built-up areas.

How a walking floor trailer unloads

The trailer’s bed is split into three sets of slats. These slats work together in a cycle:

The process is smooth and controlled. Drivers can pause or reverse the movement, making it ideal for bulk sites with strict access limits or uneven terrain.

Benefits for haulage businesses

Using a walking floor trailer means you won’t need to lift or tip the trailer to unload. That reduces risks to the driver and others on site.

It also makes the trailer more flexible. You can unload in low-clearance areas, back into bays, or even on slopes.

Plus, walking floors aren’t just for loose material. Some haulage fleets use them for palletised goods on the return leg, adding more options for balancing outbound and inbound loads.

Trailer types for bulk material and waste transport

Not every trailer is built for loose, heavy loads. If you’re looking to expand your freight transport work in this space, it helps to know your options.

Adding one of these to your fleet could open new haulage and logistics contracts in the recycling, food processing, and energy sectors.

Where walking floors are used in haulage

The walking floor trailer is a staple in several sectors that deal with bulk materials. These industries often post regular work on load boards or book through freight forwarders.

Companies and contracts to target

Local councils, waste management firms, and energy producers often use walking floor lorries. Many of these companies operate through brokered contracts, with some compliance expectations such as FORS accreditation.

Private-sector clients include food processors, sawmills, and manufacturers who need regular waste clearance.

These are typically high-volume contracts. Once you’ve proved reliability, they tend to bring long-term opportunities.

Health and safety considerations

Bulk material handling comes with its own risks, especially around unloading and site access.

Driver training is especially important. Some firms include HGV driver training specific to walking floor operations, which helps avoid avoidable delays or load damage.

Compliance for bulk and waste loads

Whether you’re running across the UK or cross-border into the EU, compliance matters in bulk haulage.

Most walking floor loads fall under waste or agricultural rules, so you’ll need to stay up to date.

UK waste carrier and vehicle rules

If you carry waste, even non-hazardous material, you need a waste carrier licence from the Environment Agency. Loads also need to be accompanied by a waste transfer note showing what’s being moved and where.

Check your HGV operator licence to make sure your fleet is authorised for waste work. Some traffic areas may inspect operators more closely depending on the materials carried.

You’ll also need to keep vehicle condition in check. Walk-throughs or audits may focus on contamination control and the state of the unloading system.

EU transport and trailer compliance

When operating abroad, different rules may apply depending on the type of load and country. For example:

For certain categories, like medical or chemical waste, ADR haulage rules apply. These don’t always affect walking floor work, but it’s worth checking if you transport hazardous loads.

Is a walking floor setup right for your fleet?

Before adding a walking floor trailer, think about your current contracts and the types of loads you’re equipped to handle.

It’s also worth considering your current trailer mix. A flexible setup that allows for both loose and palletised goods could make your asset more useful year-round.

FAQs about walking floor haulage

What’s the difference between a walking floor trailer and a tipper?

A tipper unloads by lifting its bed at an angle, using gravity to slide the load out. A walking floor trailer uses a hydraulic system that moves the load without lifting. This keeps the vehicle stable and allows for unloading in tighter or uneven spaces.

Is a walking floor lorry better for mixed load types?

It can be, depending on the setup. Some operators use walking floor lorries for both bulk and palletised goods. That flexibility helps with return legs, especially if you’re running back from an area with fewer bulk opportunities.

How much can you carry in a moving floor trailer?

Most UK-spec moving floor trailers can carry up to 90–100 cubic metres of loose material, depending on the material density and legal payload.
Double-check your trailer’s unladen weight against UK lorry dimensions and axle limits before loading.

Do I need a special licence to operate walking floor trailers?

No separate driving licence is required, but you do need to be trained in the hydraulic floor system. Many companies now include this in their standard HGV driver training. If you’re handling waste or hazardous loads, you may also need a waste carrier licence or ADR haulage certification.

What sectors regularly use walking floor haulage?

The most common sectors are waste and recycling, agriculture, biomass, and retail. Contracts often come from councils, brokers, or processing plants. It’s a strong option for growing your presence in freight transport, especially where tipping trailers aren’t practical.

In 2020, as the transport industry responded to the chaos caused by the pandemic, Valentin Cirstea saw an opportunity and started his own courier company, LUKRS.

“I put all my savings into buying a Luton van and joined Courier Exchange as an Owner Driver… and it didn’t fail to deliver,” he says.

Since joining, LUKRS has grown rapidly from a small courier company to a full-scale haulage business on Haulage Exchange.

They now operate a ‘walking floor division’ for bulk waste materials and handle European haulage with in-house customs clearance.

Approach

Before starting LUKRS, Valentin was working as an Uber driver. When Covid hit, he saw his chance to change direction and build something of his own.

Joining CX as an Owner Driver Valentin started using it daily and gained traction quickly. “I started to secure regular haulage loads, which helped me over time to develop the business and purchase more vehicles.”

As demand grew, he started laying the foundations for a larger operation by getting his Transport Manager qualifications. This led him to meeting business partner, Luciana Stanciu, which “had a huge help in developing this business together” Valentin adds.

Luciana manages the nine-truck fleet and full-time drivers for LUKRS, relying heavily on the Exchange to streamline operations.

“We rely on it for securing bookings, monitoring subcontracted haulage work, accounting and also keeping in touch with our clients.”

“The live tracking feature is also extremely useful. Whether we are doing a job on Haulage Exchange or someone else is doing a job for us, it works great both ends.”

For example, if we are doing a job for a poster on Exchange, they can track our lorries, so they know exactly where we are. When we subcontract a job, rather than me calling the courier and ask what’s the ETA, I can just simply see it on the app.”

The Exchange has also helped reduce the “empty mileage we have on our trucks” Luciana adds. “If I get into a really remote area, I can easily find a load to take me out of there.”

LUKRS also rely on the platform’s integrated tech such as Trustd and SmartPay to run their business with ease.

Speaking about SmartPay, Luciana says “It just makes the admin work a lot easier. You can just make a payment straight to the Exchange, and then they just sort everything out for you. So at the end of the week, when you have to do all that admin work, it’s done in a matter of minutes.”

Results

With the help of Haulage Exchange, LUKRS has grown into a full–scale haulage business, with specialist work now central to their offering.

The ‘walking floor division’ moves bulk waste materials for the renewables and waste management sectors – which was one of the “main goals since we started the company” says Valentin. “This is a relatively new sector we are operating in but it’s rapidly growing” he adds.

They also offer European haulage and customs clearance which has helped them unlock even more opportunities across Europe.

“I believe Brexit, for us actually helped, because we became specialized into all the customs procedures and not many people do it.”

“Imports and exports in the UK have become incredibly difficult due to Brexit. It’s now a complex process, that’s why we decided to become authorised customs agents” Valentin says.

By becoming authorised customs agents, LUKRS can now handle the entire cross-border process in-house. From import tax paperwork and approval to delivery, this reduces delays and gives their clients quicker and more dependable service.

This client-focused approach is what earns LUKRS such outstanding reviews on the Exchange.

Conclusion

For Valentin, the rapid growth and success of LUKRS can be directly attributed to the Exchange.

Luciana adds, “It’s very easy to find work at the beginning, especially if you don’t have your own clients. It helps build those relationships up. It helps increase your fleet and get more work in. And it really helps with the cash flow.”

The success LUKRS has found in just over five years goes to show that with access to the right network, tech, and support, it’s possible to build a thriving haulage business at any time… even amidst a global pandemic!

X2 was founded in 2003 with a clear concept: to deliver loads more flexibly, using a wide network of hauliers instead of maintaining a fixed fleet. It operated quite successfully for a few years but then stopped growing.

That’s when Ian Cramb bought into business and took over as Managing Director in 2007.

Growing the business was Ian’s number one priority. Leveraging X2’s existing relationship with Haulage Exchange, he was able to build a stronger haulier network, post loads faster, and reduce empty running.

Today, X2 works with around 1,000 hauliers every year and Ian has grown the revenue sixfold, all while keeping flexibility at its core.

X2’s Approach

In the early days, when Ian first took over, X2 “relied very heavily in the use of the platform” to post loads from their customer base, while they were developing their own haulier base.

“It really helped the business in its infancy to attract more haulier partners in to fulfil the work and the speed of deployment.”

Today, they rely more on their own established haulier network, but the Exchange remains a key part of their operations for last-minute jobs, backloads, and expanding coverage when needed.

“We wouldn’t want to be without it,” Ian says of the Exchange. “When you need to deploy quickly, it gives you reach beyond your usual partners. And it’s incredibly efficient.”

Flexibility remains X2’s biggest strength. Ian compares their model to a dimmer switch, able to scale volumes up or down depending on seasonal demand – moving from 500 loads a week to 1,000 around Christmas without the burden of permanent fleet costs.

That’s why the Exchange remains such a valuable tool for X2. It lets them scale easily whenever the need arises.

Result

Since joining X2, Ian has increased its revenue sixfold. “Certainly for the first few years, that was, being helped along very much so by Haulage Exchange” he says.

The business now operates out of two sites in Hinckley and Tamworth, and supports a wide range of customers across retail, manufacturing, and logistics sectors.

One of Ian’s proudest achievements was winning a piece of business with a customer who had previously used 52 different hauliers to manage their transport needs. X2 streamlined the process by offering a single point of contact while still managing the hauliers in the background.

“They don’t have to deal with the hassle anymore,” Ian says. “We still manage the hauliers behind the scenes, but for them, it’s seamless.”

Even during industry-wide driver shortages, X2 was able to leverage Haulage Exchange to quickly secure haulage subcontractors, ensuring seamless operations and consistent client deliveries.

Conclusion

Haulage Exchange helped X2 grow faster, scale smarter, and build a resilient operation that can flex to meet any client’s needs.

“The volume of work, the volume of hauliers, how slick it is – that’s what makes it the best choice.”

For Ian, X2’s success comes down to building a sustainable business model with the right partners alongside.

But, when a friend needed help delivering doors for his new business, Nathan and his dad saw a business opportunity. So in 2021, they started Smith & Sons Transport.

“We got a truck and operated that for about a year. Then a van. And we just grew from there.” says Nathan.

As the business grew, they faced a familiar challenge: empty return legs were costing them time and money – and putting pressure on margins.

In December 2024, Nathan found himself at a stalemate with it all. That’s when he turned to Haulage Exchange to help fill the gaps and reduce dead miles.

Since joining HX, Smith & Sons Transport have generated a massive £200k in revenue, simply by filling dead miles. Now, they’ve set their sights on even bigger growth.

Approach

In the early days, Nathan and his team managed everything from the family’s sitting room. Two laptops handled all their job bookings, paperwork, and daily operations.

The work was steady, but heading out with full loads and returning empty was making it harder to stay profitable – especially with rising fuel costs.

“We hit a bit of a stalemate over Christmas 2023. We were running jobs out and coming back empty – it was a big hit, especially with fuel.” he says.

After hearing about Haulage Exchange from a local haulier, Nathan decided to sign up and give it a try.

They began using the platform to find return haulage loads and fill dead miles. The results were immediate.

Happy with the results, Nathan started testing out more of the platform’s features. The built-in diary helped streamline job management, while exporting invoices directly to their internal systems cut down admin time.

As Nathan puts it, “it allows us to what we want to do in the business… run the trucks, earn more money”.

They also started subcontracting through the Exchange, which has become “vital to us” says Nathan.

Knowing they’ve already been vetted through Trustd means Nathan can be confident that the reputation they’ve worked hard to build is protected.

“Even if haulage subcontractors costs a little more, you know you’re going to get a good service” Nathan adds.

Results

Since joining Haulage Exchange in 2024, the impact on Smith & Sons Transport has been transformative.

In under a year, they’ve generated over £200,000 in additional revenue, just by filling those dead miles. That additional revenue has allowed them to accelerate their future growth plans.

They’re currently building a brand-new 30-bay truck stop, complete with office space, showers and a wagon wash.

The investment marks a huge step forward for the business – one that wouldn’t have happened as quickly without the Exchange.

Conclusion

By joining Haulage Exchange, Smith & Sons Transport went from stalemate to success in just under a year. They all but eliminated their dead miles, significantly boosted profits and brought forward their growth plans.

How much is the Dartford Crossing? If you’re heading across the River Thames via the Dartford Tunnels or QEII Bridge, it’s a question you’ll want answered before you travel.

In this guide, we’ll explain how much is the Dartford Tunnel Crossing for different vehicles, how the payment system works, and how to avoid any unexpected charges.

How the Dartford Charge works

The Dartford Crossing includes both the Dartford Tunnels and the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, and will also include the new Lower Thames Crossing that’s about to begin construction. Instead of paying at a toll booth, drivers now pay the Dart Charge online, by phone, or through an account system.

Cameras record vehicle registrations as you pass through, and payments must be made by midnight the following day.

The Dartford Crossing is part of the M25 but operates as its own charging zone. The charge applies to vehicles using the crossing between 6 am and 10 pm every day (outside of these hours, crossings are free).

If you fail to pay on time, a penalty charge notice (PCN) will be issued to the registered keeper of the vehicle.

Understanding the Dartford Crossing fees helps avoid unnecessary fines and keeps your journey smooth, and is especially important if you’re planning on starting a haulage company.

Dartford Charge rates by vehicle category

So how much is the Dartford Crossing? The answer depends entirely on what you’re driving.

The system splits vehicles into categories based on type, size, and number of axles.

Cars and motorbikes pricing

Cars, minibuses, and motorbikes fall into Class B, the cheapest category. As of 2024, cars pay £2.50 per crossing, while motorbikes remain free of charge.

If you’re a regular commuter, setting up an account reduces the car fee to £2.00. Motorbike riders do not need to register for an account unless they prefer to manage crossings online.

Two-axle goods vehicle fees

These vehicles pay a slightly higher Dart Charge due to their larger size and weight. For these two-axle goods vehicles, the standard fee is £3.00 per crossing.

With a pre-pay account, this drops to £2.63. For businesses running fleets, setting up a Dart Charge account helps streamline payments, especially if you operate a small haulage business handling local deliveries.

Multi-axle and coach charges

Larger commercial vehicles, including coaches and HGVs falling into Class D face the highest Dartford Crossing charges due to their size and road wear contribution.

Multi-axle HGVs and coaches pay £6.00 per crossing without an account, but with a pre-pay account, this reduces to £5.19. For those operating a large haulage business, these charges can add up fast if your fleet regularly crosses the Thames.

Chargeable hours and overnight exemptions

Unlike many toll roads, the Dartford Crossing doesn’t charge 24/7. Charges apply between 6 am and 10 pm daily, seven days a week. If you cross overnight, between 10 pm and 6 am, you won’t pay anything.

Overnight exemptions are particularly useful for logistics companies that schedule deliveries outside peak hours.

Public holidays don’t affect Dart Charge operating hours, since the same timeframes apply whether you’re crossing on a weekday, weekend, or holiday.

All payment methods explained

The Dart Charge offers several ways to pay, giving drivers flexibility depending on how often they use the crossing.

Missing a payment can quickly turn into a fine. So, knowing your options is essential.

Pre-pay account and top-up plans

For regular users, a Dart Charge account offers discounted rates. You pre-load funds into your account, and charges are deducted automatically when you cross.

This system helps avoid missed payments and reduces the risk of receiving a penalty charge.

Business accounts allow fleet operators to manage multiple vehicles easily. For haulage companies, this simplifies record-keeping and helps avoid payment errors that lead to fines.

Having all vehicles linked under one account makes managing busy fleets far more efficient.

Single-payment and pay-as-you-go options

If you only use the crossing occasionally, you can make a one-off payment each time you travel.

Payments must be made by midnight the following day to avoid penalties. The easiest way to pay is online through the official Dart Charge website or app.

Some drivers set reminders on their phones to ensure payments aren’t missed after using the crossing. This simple habit can prevent costly fines and unnecessary stress.

Occasional users should always double-check that payments have gone through successfully.

Phone, post, and retail payments

If you prefer not to pay online, the Dart Charge can be paid by phone using the dedicated customer service number. Some payment locations also allow in-person payments at Payzone retailers, offering flexibility for those without internet access.

While post is technically an option, it’s slower and not recommended for payments close to the deadline.

International drivers can also use these methods to stay compliant. The variety of payment options ensures that overseas visitors don’t accidentally fall foul of UK toll charges.

These alternative channels provide backup solutions for anyone unable to access the website or app.

Discounts for local residents

Local residents living within designated areas near the crossing can apply for discounted Dart Charge rates.

Eligible drivers pay just £20 annually for unlimited crossings, which is a major saving for daily commuters. This makes a real difference for locals using the crossing frequently.

To qualify, you must live within one of the defined postcodes surrounding Dartford and Thurrock. Proof of address and vehicle ownership is required during registration.

These discounts only apply to private cars and motorcycles registered to the resident. Commercial vehicles used for business purposes are not eligible for the resident scheme.

Penalty charges and appeals process

Failing to pay the Dart Charge on time results in a penalty charge notice (PCN). The fine for a first offence is £70, reduced to £35 if paid within 14 days.

How much is the Dartford Crossing fine if you ignore it completely? The answer is costly: unpaid fines may be referred to enforcement agents, adding fees and legal costs on top of the original penalty.

If you believe a PCN was issued in error, you can appeal online or by post. You’ll need to provide evidence supporting your case, such as proof of payment or vehicle exemption.

Appeals must be submitted as soon as possible, as late appeals are unlikely to be accepted.

Vehicle exemptions and special rules

Certain vehicles are fully exempt from paying the Dart Charge. These include emergency vehicles, military vehicles, and registered disabled drivers using vehicles exempt from road tax.

Electric vehicles are not automatically exempt from the Dart Charge. Unlike some low-emission zones, all vehicle types are subject to payment based on their classification.

Oversized loads may require additional permits to use the crossing but still attract the standard Dart Charge fees.

It’s important to check size and weight limits before planning your route. This is especially important if you’re operating large HGVs.

Dartford Crossing FAQs

Is the Dart Charge £2.50 each way?

Yes, for cars the standard Dart Charge is £2.50 per crossing during chargeable hours. This applies in both directions – northbound and southbound. Pre-pay account holders pay a reduced £2.00 rate per crossing.

Do you pay both ways on Dartford Crossing?

Yes, the Dart Charge applies to each individual crossing. Whether you cross northbound or southbound, you’ll pay the applicable fee every time. It’s not a return or round-trip charge.

Is Dartford Crossing free on Sunday?

No, Sunday is treated the same as any other day. The Dart Charge applies every day between 6 am and 10 pm, including Sundays. There are no special exemptions for weekends.

Is Dartford Crossing still free after 10pm?

Yes, the Dartford Crossing is free for all vehicles between 10 pm and 6 am. This overnight exemption applies seven days a week. Businesses often schedule late-night freight to benefit from these savings.

Can I pay Dartford Crossing a day late?

No, payments must be made by midnight on the day after your crossing. Missing this deadline results in a penalty charge notice being issued. It’s always best to pay as soon as possible after travelling.

What is the fine for the Dartford Crossing?

The initial fine for missing a Dart Charge payment is £70. If paid within 14 days, it’s reduced to £35. If left unpaid, the penalty can rise to £105, plus potential additional enforcement costs.

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

📦 Prime expansion: Amazon’s big UK investment unpacked

Amazon has announced a massive £40bn investment in the UK, with four new fulfilment centres, 100,000 new jobs, and expanded data centre infrastructure.

🎉 25 years of TEG & Haulage Exchange

From new tools like Mobile SmartPay and Secure Collect to a major 25-year milestone, this year’s TEG Member Event was packed with updates, insights and celebration.

Hundreds of HX and CX members joined us at Unity Place in Milton Keynes to explore what’s next for the Exchange – and honour those who’ve been with us since day one.

🕵️‍♂️ Duties, demystified: A simple guide to import tax

VAT, duty, Incoterms, and customs charges… getting them wrong can mean big costs.

Our new guide walks you through how import tax works, what determines the amount, and how to stay compliant (and profitable) when moving goods into the UK.

🛍️ From Oxford Street to Bluewater, M&S goes electric

Marks & Spencer has deployed five electric Renault HGVs for London and SE deliveries, as part of the eFREIGHT 2030 initiative.

With double shifts, urban safety features, and driver-approved comfort, they’re proving zero-emission haulage isn’t just coming. It’s already here.

🔌 Going electric? These solutions can make it easier

Fleet electrification is no small feat, but new tools are making it more manageable.

From intelligent depot planning to EV-specific telematics, four innovations are helping operators hit their net-zero goals without derailing operations.

🎖️ The unsung hero behind every efficient fleet

If you run HGVs and hold a Standard licence, a transport manager isn’t optional, it’s the law.

But even beyond compliance, the right TM can boost efficiency, cut fuel costs, and reduce turnover. Whether you hire, train or outsource, it’s a role worth investing in.

Bringing goods into the UK involves more than just arranging transport. You’ll also have to deal with import tax, which affects both the cost of a shipment and how you plan your haulage jobs.

Whether you run a small logistics business or a larger freight operation, getting to grips with duties and charges means fewer surprises when goods arrive at the border.

This guide breaks it all down, from definitions to calculations and everything in between.

What is import tax and why does it matter?

Import tax covers all the charges you pay when goods enter the country. In the UK, this usually includes import duty, VAT, excise duties, and any admin fees tied to border checks or processing.

Hauliers and freight forwarders don’t always pay these fees directly, but they still affect profit margins and delivery times. The more you understand the charges, the easier it is to quote accurately, manage delays, and keep your clients informed.

Understanding the difference: Import duty vs import tax

Import duty is a tariff applied based on the type of goods and where they’re coming from. It’s often used to protect local industries and varies depending on trade agreements and classifications.

Import tax is a broader term. It includes import duty but also adds VAT, excise, and other charges linked to customs clearance. So, while import duty is one part of the process, import taxes cover the full cost at the border.

Knowing the difference helps with planning and paperwork, especially if you’re quoting on international jobs.

How import custom duties affect haulage and freight operations

If your business handles cross-border shipments, import custom duties can shape your costs and delivery schedules.

Let’s say a customer wants to import goods from outside the EU. If duty rates change or the product classification is wrong, you could face delays or unexpected costs. This might mean vehicles sit idle or additional charges are passed on.

These duties also affect whether a customer chooses to import or find a supplier within the UK. As a haulier or even a courier company, being informed puts you in a stronger position to guide clients and manage expectations.

Even large haulage business operators are reviewing their sourcing and delivery models based on how import duties impact total landed cost.

Tariff codes and why HS classification matters

All goods have a tariff classification, known as an HS (Harmonised System) code. This code decides the duty rate and any restrictions or checks that apply.

Even a small mistake here can lead to incorrect charges. Worse, it could cause goods to be delayed, inspected, or rejected.

If you’re just starting to start a freight forwarding company, learning how HS codes work is time well spent. For experienced firms, it’s often worth having a customs broker on hand or training staff in product classification.

The UK government’s Trade Tariff tool lets you search codes by product type, material, or use.

Examples of duty rates in the UK

Duty rates depend on what you’re importing and where it’s from. Some goods are zero-rated, while others carry higher charges.

Goods from countries with free trade deals may qualify for reduced or zero import duty. But you’ll need the right proof of origin to apply.

Changes to trade rules after Brexit also mean businesses should check updated duty rates regularly.

How to calculate your total import taxes

There’s no one-size-fits-all formula, but here’s how to approach import tax calculations for each shipment.

Step 1: Value of goods and how it’s declared

Start with the commercial value of the goods. This should match the invoice and reflect the actual price paid.

Step 2: Apply import duty based on HS codes

Using the HS code and country of origin, apply the correct percentage to the goods’ value.

For example, if goods are worth £8,000 and the duty rate is 5%, the import duty comes to £400.

Step 3: Add VAT, excise, and clearance fees

Then include shipping and insurance costs to calculate the VAT base. VAT is usually charged at 20% on this total amount.

You may also face admin or handling charges for customs clearance, which vary by provider.

Understand specific vs ad valorem duties

Some goods, like alcohol, may attract both types of duty. Knowing which applies helps you plan costs more accurately.

Worked example with common figures

Let’s say you’re importing goods worth £10,000. Shipping and insurance cost £1,000. The import duty rate is 5%, and no excise duty applies.

Who pays import custom duties – and when?

This depends on the Incoterms used in the agreement. In most cases, the buyer pays the import tax once the goods arrive in the UK.

However, with Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) terms, the seller handles all charges before delivery. While this can reduce admin for the buyer, it usually adds to the total cost.

If you’re transporting goods under DDP terms, make sure clients are clear on what’s included in your quote. For DAP or FCA terms, they’ll need to settle duties before release.

Reducing import tax with reliefs and exemptions

Goods under £135 may also be exempt from import duty, but VAT might still apply depending on the seller’s location and sales method.

These schemes can help both small and high-risk freight operators manage margins. Just be sure to follow HMRC rules carefully.

Preparing customs paperwork to avoid penalties

If your documents are incomplete or incorrect, your load could be delayed, returned, or even seized.

Working with reliable freight forwarders or trained staff helps prevent mistakes. And if you’re running a large haulage business or you’re just running courier vehicles, investing in in-house customs knowledge is worth it.

Product examples of VAT and excise duty

VAT is usually charged at 20%, but excise rates depend on the product type and volume.

These rates are added on top of import duty, increasing the total import tax. Always check current figures using the UK government’s Trade Tariff tool.

Quick tips for hauliers managing international freight

For high-risk freight

When transporting high-risk freight, like hazardous goods or high-value electronics, extra checks and tax liabilities may apply.

Products may need additional licences, safety documentation, or controlled entry points. Any delay in documentation can affect customs clearance, or result in added storage fees if the load can’t proceed.

From a tax angle, these goods are often subject to specific import custom duties and excise charges. You’ll also want to consider cargo insurance that covers tax disputes or delayed clearances.

If you handle specialist contracts like ADR haulage, work closely with your customs agent and keep a record of all product classifications, licences, and past declarations. Consistency helps reduce checks over time.

Frequently asked questions

What is the meaning of custom duty?

Custom duty refers to the tariff charged on goods when they are imported into a country. It helps protect domestic industries and regulates international trade. The amount depends on the type of goods and where they come from.

How to calculate custom duty?

Start by determining the value of your goods. Apply the correct duty percentage based on the HS code and country of origin. Then calculate VAT, excise duty, and any related fees to reach the full import tax amount.

What is import tax called?

Import tax is a broad term that includes import duty, VAT, excise duties, and other related charges applied when goods enter the country. In the UK, all these charges must be paid before customs clearance is granted. Together, they form the full cost of importing goods.

What is import tax in simple terms?

Import tax refers to the total charges applied when goods enter the UK. It includes import duty, VAT, excise, and admin fees. These costs must be settled before goods can clear customs.

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

💃 Beyoncé blamed for delivery delays in North London

The ‘Beyhive’ might be buzzing, but for North London hauliers, Queen B’s shows meant blocked roads, late deliveries and frustrated drivers.

Transport firms faced hours-long delays as crowds took over key freight routes. Planning around big events isn’t just a PR problem – it’s a logistics one too.

💰 GXO–Wincanton merger gets green light (with a big catch)

The CMA has officially (and finally) approved GXO’s £762m takeover of Wincanton. But only after GXO agreed to sell off Wincanton’s grocery warehousing arm to avoid a major threat to supermarket competition.

Without this remedy, the merger could have meant higher costs for grocers and pricier checkouts for shoppers.

⚠️ Risky business: When freight becomes a target

That means smart routing, trusted subcontractors and layered security, both digital and physical.

🌱 Clean air, unclear data?

Only 1 in 3 UK fleets currently track harmful emissions, despite looming carbon targets.

Without solid data, operators risk falling behind on efficiency, reporting, and compliance. Fuel consumption, dead miles, and route optimisation all play a role.

🤖 AI hits the road

From predicting vehicle breakdowns to improving routing and safety, smart algorithms are making life easier for fleet managers and drivers alike. Fewer delays, lower costs, better uptime.

🖥️ Growing pains? Fix the back office

As fleets grow, spreadsheets break. Manual systems don’t cut it when you’re juggling 10, 20 or 100 trucks.

From invoicing to compliance, your back office needs to grow with your vehicles.

When your fleet takes on high-risk freight, the stakes go up. You’re dealing with loads that may be fragile, high-value, dangerous, or tightly regulated. That means more planning, more paperwork, and a bigger focus on safety.

Let’s take a closer look at what counts as high-risk freight, the rules that apply, and how haulage businesses can handle these loads confidently.

Understanding what qualifies as high-risk freight

Not every load needs special handling. But when it does, you’ll know about it—usually before you’ve even accepted the job. So, what kind of cargo falls into the high-risk freight category?

Common types of high-risk loads

Some goods come with obvious risks. Others need a second look. Here are the most common types of high-risk freight seen across UK fleets:

The more risks a load presents—whether physical, environmental, or legal—the more planning it demands.

What makes a load high risk?

There’s no single definition, but most haulage and logistics businesses use a mix of factors to flag a load as high risk:

Understanding these risks helps your fleet management team match the right vehicle and driver to each job.

Licences and certifications to be aware of

High-risk loads often come with legal strings attached. That might mean extra paperwork, specialised training, or tighter load control.

ADR and DGSA responsibilities

If your fleet carries hazardous freight, you’ll likely need ADR compliance. ADR refers to international rules for road transport of dangerous goods.

Drivers moving dangerous goods must hold an ADR certificate. This covers both theoretical knowledge and practical handling.

You may also need a DGSA (Dangerous Goods Safety Adviser). Their job is to help your business stay compliant, carry out audits, and offer advice on safe loading and handling practices. Regular reporting is also part of their role.

Adding ADR haulage to your services brings in new business, but it also adds responsibilities. Make sure your internal processes reflect that.

Fleet-level compliance

Your vehicles and trailers must meet specific standards if they’re carrying dangerous or sensitive loads. This includes:

Best practices for handling hazardous cargo

Once the right paperwork is in place, your drivers still need practical support to handle hazardous cargo properly.

All of this helps your team manage hazardous cargo handling without delays or safety issues.

The role of your transport and fleet managers

Your transport manager and fleet manager sit at the heart of your risk-handling strategy. They’re not just ticking boxes—they’re helping the business avoid costly issues on the road.

A proactive manager can spot small problems before they grow into bigger ones. They also help build trust with clients moving sensitive freight.

Ongoing training for high-risk freight drivers

Moving high-risk freight isn’t just about paperwork. Your drivers need regular training to stay sharp, especially when it comes to hazardous goods transport and sensitive goods.

Keeping driver skills current

It’s tempting to see training as a one-off. But refresher sessions matter—especially if your fleet is handling dangerous or fragile loads regularly.

High-risk freight FAQs

What qualifies as high-risk freight?

High-risk freight includes anything that requires extra care during transport. That might be due to theft risk, fragility, perishability, or legal restrictions. Common examples include electronics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and sensitive data items.

Do I need ADR for all hazardous goods transport?

Not always. ADR rules only apply if your load contains goods above specific thresholds. For example, small amounts of certain chemicals may be exempt. Always check the UN class of the substance and consult your DGSA.

What is a DGSA and do I need one?

A DGSA (Dangerous Goods Safety Adviser) helps you manage safety and compliance when moving dangerous goods. If your business handles these loads regularly, you’re legally required to appoint one. They review policies, check routes, and conduct internal audits.

How often should drivers be trained on sensitive freight?

At least once a year. This can be a formal course or in-house safety briefings. The more complex or dangerous the goods, the more regular training should be.

Who is responsible for hazardous freight compliance?

It’s a shared effort. The transport manager oversees scheduling and compliance. The driver follows procedures on the road. Your fleet management team supports both with tools, training, and documentation.

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

👨‍🏫 Lessons from a decade in haulage

Back in 2014, Rhys Hackling was getting ready to go into business for himself, after years of working in the logistics industry.

Just two weeks before his haulage business began trading, he discovered a tool that would allow him to operate at the scale of a large haulage company right from the start.

A decade later, the company Rhys started is a spectacular success story – with a fleet of 7.5t and 18t trucks, operating across the country.

Join Rhys and our HX experts on Wed 25 Jun at 1pm, and see how you can use the platform to find better loads, reduce dead miles and access a fleet of 50,000 nationwide vehicles to power up your haulage business!

💁‍♂️ Behind every wheel is a person

Driver shortages are back on the radar, and wellbeing might be the key to solving it.

Oliver Temple, channel sales leader for EMEA plus APAC at Lytx, explores why mental health, support after incidents, and real-time safety tech are fast becoming standard.

🛣 Do your drivers know their legal limits?

From dual carriageways to city roads, HGVs face strict speed rules that change by vehicle type and load.

We’ve created a no-nonsense guide for fleet managers to train their teams and avoid fines.

⚖️ EU pushes for gender balance

The EU just dropped a 25-point action plan to shift the gears on gender imbalance in transport.

From safety measures to fair recruitment, it’s a full-throttle push to get more women behind the wheel (and in boardrooms).

📊 When is “waiting around” actually working time?

Periods of availability (POA) are often misunderstood — especially by new operators. But logging this time correctly makes a real difference to compliance and driver welfare.

❌ Not the same as a break
❌ Not the same as rest
✅ But still needs recording

From product launches to milestone moments, this year’s TEG Member Event brought together hundreds of member businesses to connect, explore and celebrate.

Held at Unity Place in Milton Keynes, the tech-driven space was the perfect backdrop for an evening focused on innovation, collaboration — and looking ahead to the future.

Product updates

We introduced the latest platform updates — all designed to help members grow their business, improve cash flow, and work more efficiently.

Awards

We love celebrating our members. Each year, our awards recognise outstanding achievements across four categories.

Gold: THREE SPIRES COURIER SERVICES

Silver: ZAID LOGISTICS

Bronze: CW LOGISTICS LTD

Gold: PASS LOGISTICS

Silver: RIK EXPRESS LIMITED

Bronze: SHIRLEY TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS LIMITED

Gold: FAST UK COURIERS LIMITED

Silver: IVCS EXPRESS LTD

Bronze: D&K LOGISTICS LTD

Gold: LOAD IN LIMITED

Silver: LUCKXY TRANSPORT PVT LTD

Bronze: DIRECT CONNECT LOGISTICS LIMITED

25 Years of Excellence award

This year, we’re celebrating a major milestone — 25 years of the Exchange.

To mark the occasion, we honoured the founding members who’ve been with us since day one with our 25 Years of Excellence award.

Celebrating 25 years of the Exchange

This year’s Member Event wasn’t just about product updates – it marked a major milestone: 25 years of the Exchange.

TEG25 is about celebrating our member businesses. We’re sharing stories from those who’ve joined us over the years, and how they each use the Exchange in their own way.

It’s also about looking ahead. We’re inviting members to help shape the future through our Innovator Programmes. So we can keep building a better Exchange, together.

A huge thank you to everyone who attended the 2025 TEG Member Event and made this event so memorable. See you at the next one!

When you’re driving a heavy goods vehicle (HGV) in the UK, speed restrictions aren’t just guidelines, they’re legal requirements made to protect everyone on the road.

HGV speed restrictions vary depending on road type, vehicle weight, and sometimes even your load. In this guide, we’ll break down the current rules, cover penalties, and share some best practices to help you stay safe and legal.

National speed limits for HGVs and LGVs

HGVs and LGVs each fall under different speed regulations depending on weight and road type. HGVs are vehicles with a maximum authorised mass (MAM) over 3.5 tonnes, while LGVs are anything at or below that threshold.

If you’re still working out the correct vehicle class for your business, our guide on lorry sizes and UK regulations offers a detailed breakdown of weight categories, axle configurations, and legal definitions.

These LGV and HGV speed restrictions aren’t just random numbers; they’re based on years of data about stopping distances, vehicle stability, and accident risks.

Heavier vehicles take much longer to slow down and are harder to control at higher speeds. For example, according to UK parliamentary research, a fully loaded 42-tonne HGV has a total stopping distance of around 36 metres at 30 mph, compared to 23 metres for a car (and the gap widens sharply at motorway speeds).

HGV speed limit on single carriageways

Single carriageways are often the trickiest roads for large lorries due to narrow lanes, bends, and mixed traffic. The national HGV speed restrictions for vehicles over 7.5 tonnes on single carriageways is 50 mph.

This change was implemented back in 2015 to improve safety and reduce dangerous overtaking on rural roads.

HGV speed limit on dual carriageways

Dual carriageways offer two lanes in each direction, making it easier for larger vehicles to maintain steady speeds.

The speed limit for HGV on dual carriageway roads is set at 60 mph for vehicles over 7.5 tonnes. Even with the extra space, drivers need to stay alert for changing traffic conditions and signage.

LGV speed limit on dual carriageways

Light goods vehicles have slightly more freedom when it comes to dual carriageways.

The speed limit for car-derived vans on dual carriageway routes is typically 70 mph if not towing. However, if towing a trailer, the limit drops to 60 mph to maintain stability and safety.

HGV motorway speed limits

Motorways are the safest roads for long-distance freight thanks to controlled access and multiple lanes.

The HGV motorway speed limit for vehicles over 7.5 tonnes is 60 mph. This limit balances travel efficiency with the need for longer braking distances and safe manoeuvring.

For many drivers working in a freight exchange network, motorways make up a large part of daily operations. The smoother flow of motorway driving helps keep schedules on track and cargo moving efficiently across the country.

Speed limit for HGVs with trailers and articulated rigs

Whether you’re driving a rigid lorry with a trailer or a full articulated rig, the speed limit remains 60 mph on motorways. Articulated vehicles make up a large portion of UK freight traffic, so these limits apply to many haulage operators.

Drivers must remain aware of their vehicle’s length, especially when overtaking or changing lanes.

LGV motorway speed limit guidelines

LGVs can usually follow the same motorway speed limits as standard passenger vehicles. This means 70 mph is allowed for LGVs not towing trailers.

However, it’s important to note that this 70 mph limit is not universally applicable. It applies only to car-derived vans. Larger vans (up to 3.5 tonnes) that are not car-derived must stick to 60 mph on dual carriageways, even if they’re not towing.

If towing, the limit reduces to 60 mph for all LGVs, keeping in line with stability concerns and legal requirements.

Mandatory speed limiter regulations for HGVs

For vehicles over 7.5 tonnes, the limiter restricts the top speed to 56 mph, slightly below the legal motorway limit. This buffer accounts for variations like gradients, wind resistance, and tyre conditions.

If you operate a large haulage business, maintaining these devices is a legal obligation.

The same applies whether you run a single lorry or manage a small haulage business. Regular maintenance helps avoid penalties and keeps your drivers safe on the road.

Local and urban speed limit variations

Once you enter built-up areas, speed limits tighten considerably. Both HGVs and LGVs must stick to 30 mph in towns and cities unless otherwise posted.

Many local authorities also apply 20 mph zones near schools, residential areas, and high pedestrian zones for extra safety.

Local councils may introduce temporary restrictions for construction or special events. Always check for signage indicating lower limits or roadworks. Ignoring these temporary limits could result in fines and penalty points.

Even if you’re driving in familiar areas, road layouts and limits can change frequently. Keeping up to date ensures you don’t fall foul of unexpected restrictions.

Staying alert helps protect pedestrians, cyclists, and other vulnerable people using the road.

Penalties and enforcement for HGV speeding

Ignoring HGV speed restrictions carries stiff penalties that affect both drivers and operators. Offenders face fines, penalty points, and possible disqualification depending on the severity of the offence.

If you’re thinking of starting a transport company, understanding these regulations early on is key to staying compliant from day one.

For companies, repeated offences can threaten the Operator’s Licence, potentially shutting down business operations. Even minor infringements add up quickly if not addressed.

Compliance isn’t just about following rules; it protects your business long-term.

Tachograph data provides clear evidence of speed compliance during audits and inspections. Ensuring your fleet operates within legal limits keeps your records clean.

Prevention is always better than arguing your case in front of a Traffic Commissioner.

Best practices for safe driving near HGVs

It’s not just drivers of HGVs who need to understand the rules. Other road users should give lorries space, especially when overtaking or merging.

If you can’t see the lorry’s mirrors, assume the driver can’t see you either.

Cutting in too sharply after overtaking can create dangerous situations. Large vehicles need extra time and distance to stop safely.

Remember that even fully loaded lorries still need to navigate tight junctions and roundabouts. Be patient when following or approaching one in built-up areas.

Frequently asked questions

What speed can an HGV do on a dual carriageway?

The dual carriageway speed limit for HGVs over 7.5 tonnes is 60 mph. This applies whether fully loaded or empty. Always watch for local speed signs that may override national limits.

What is the maximum speed limit on highway for lorries?

On UK motorways, the maximum legal speed for HGVs over 7.5 tonnes is 60 mph. For LGVs not towing, the limit rises to 70 mph. Towing reduces LGV limits to 60 mph.

Can HGV do 60mph?

Yes, HGVs can legally travel at 60 mph on dual carriageways and motorways. However, many vehicles are restricted to 56 mph by mandatory speed limiters. This helps improve road safety and fuel efficiency.

What is the max speed for dual carriageway?

For HGVs over 7.5 tonnes, the dual carriageway speed limit is capped at 60 mph. LGVs may drive up to 70 mph unless towing, in which case it’s 60 mph. Always follow posted signs for local variations.

Trustd	Exchange
Secure Collect, the latest update from Trustd, ensures every collection is secure and fully verifiable. Drivers get proof linked to every job, reducing disputes and unlocking access to higher-value loads. Load posters benefit from collections that meet compliance and are completed by verified drivers.	Driver Management gives load posters full visibility of their subcontracted drivers. Onboard new drivers quickly, track updates in real time, and meet compliance requirements with ease. Plus, gain access to Secure Collect loads, ensuring every job is handled by verified drivers.
Mobile	SmartPay
One of the most long awaited and anticipated updates is finally here. The all-new CX Mobile app has been built to help drivers and carriers manage bookings faster and with less admin. With features like in-app job search and enhanced navigation, drivers can take on more work and manage loads on the go all from within the app.	SmartPay has already changed the way members send and receive payments. Now, it’s helping drivers and carriers unlock cash flow faster than ever. With guaranteed Early Payment, they can get paid in minutes – not weeks or months. It’s fast, flexible, and completely up to you. Just opt in per load and boost your cash flow when you need it.

What we’ll cover

What is a walking floor and how does it work?

How a walking floor trailer unloads

Benefits for haulage businesses

Trailer types for bulk material and waste transport

Where walking floors are used in haulage

Companies and contracts to target

Health and safety considerations

Compliance for bulk and waste loads

UK waste carrier and vehicle rules

EU transport and trailer compliance

Is a walking floor setup right for your fleet?

FAQs about walking floor haulage

What’s the difference between a walking floor trailer and a tipper?

Is a walking floor lorry better for mixed load types?

How much can you carry in a moving floor trailer?

Do I need a special licence to operate walking floor trailers?

What sectors regularly use walking floor haulage?

Approach

Results

5 years

853

Conclusion

X2’s Approach

Result

20 years

2,592

Conclusion

Approach

Results

1 year

149

Conclusion

What we’ll cover

How the Dartford Charge works

Dartford Charge rates by vehicle category

Cars and motorbikes pricing

Two-axle goods vehicle fees

Multi-axle and coach charges

Chargeable hours and overnight exemptions

All payment methods explained

Pre-pay account and top-up plans

Single-payment and pay-as-you-go options

Phone, post, and retail payments

Discounts for local residents

Penalty charges and appeals process

Vehicle exemptions and special rules

Dartford Crossing FAQs

Is the Dart Charge £2.50 each way?

Do you pay both ways on Dartford Crossing?

Is Dartford Crossing free on Sunday?

Is Dartford Crossing still free after 10pm?

Can I pay Dartford Crossing a day late?

What is the fine for the Dartford Crossing?

📦 Prime expansion: Amazon’s big UK investment unpacked

🎉 25 years of TEG & Haulage Exchange

🕵️‍♂️ Duties, demystified: A simple guide to import tax

🛍️ From Oxford Street to Bluewater, M&S goes electric

🔌 Going electric? These solutions can make it easier

🎖️ The unsung hero behind every efficient fleet

What we’ll cover

What is import tax and why does it matter?

Understanding the difference: Import duty vs import tax

How import custom duties affect haulage and freight operations

Tariff codes and why HS classification matters

Examples of duty rates in the UK

How to calculate your total import taxes

Step 1: Value of goods and how it’s declared

Step 2: Apply import duty based on HS codes

Step 3: Add VAT, excise, and clearance fees

Understand specific vs ad valorem duties

Worked example with common figures

Who pays import custom duties – and when?

Reducing import tax with reliefs and exemptions

Preparing customs paperwork to avoid penalties

Product examples of VAT and excise duty

Quick tips for hauliers managing international freight

For high-risk freight

Frequently asked questions

What is the meaning of custom duty?