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Conspicuity markings help make large vehicles more visible on the road, especially at night or in poor weather. For UK and EU haulage firms running fleets of HGVs and trailers, getting this right isn’t just about compliance—it also protects drivers and others on the road.

In this article, we’ll explain what conspicuity markings are, where they’re required, how they differ across the UK and EU, and how to apply them properly to different vehicle types. We’ll also cover the latest rules, enforcement checks, and tips for keeping your fleet compliant.

What are conspicuity markings?

Conspicuity markings are reflective lines—usually in yellow, white, or red—that outline the sides and rear of large goods vehicles. They’re made from HGV reflective tape that reflects light from approaching headlights, helping other road users see the full shape and length of a vehicle.

When fitted correctly, these markings reduce the risk of side and rear collisions, particularly in poor visibility. They’re especially helpful for long vehicles like walking floor trailers or rigids travelling at night.

Most conspicuity tape regulations apply to vehicles over certain weight thresholds. We’ll cover the exact classes later on.

How conspicuity tape works

Conspicuity tape uses microprismatic or glass bead retroreflective materials. These materials bounce light from headlights back toward its source, making vehicles more visible from a distance.

It’s not just about sticking tape anywhere. The way you apply it—how close it is to the edges, how far it runs along the body, and how high or low it sits—affects how well it works. The layout should match the outline of the vehicle as closely as possible.

Types of conspicuity tape used on HGVs

Most compliant HGV reflective tape meets UNECE Regulation 104. This standard outlines how reflective the tape must be, what colours are allowed, and how wide each strip needs to be (usually 50mm).

You’ll find three colour types:

• Yellow or white for side markings
• Red or yellow for rear markings

Tape must carry an E-mark and a homologation number to show it’s been tested and approved. Some high-spec tapes, such as diamond-grade options, last longer and are easier to apply to curved or uneven bodywork.

UK and EU conspicuity marking regulations

Rules for conspicuity markings come from both UK domestic law and international frameworks. Most are now based on UNECE Regulation 104 and Regulation 48, which lay out how to fit lighting and reflectors on vehicles.

The UK brought these rules into domestic law via amendments to the Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989. Since 10 July 2011, most new goods vehicles and trailers must have approved conspicuity markings at manufacture or first use.

Vehicle marking regulations in the UK

In the UK, the rules apply to:

• Goods vehicles with a maximum authorised mass (MAM) over 7.5 tonnes
• Trailers over 3.5 tonnes MAM

Exemptions include:

• Vehicles under these weight thresholds
• Tractor units and vehicles under six metres long
• Narrow vehicles under 2.1 metres wide

Rear markings must outline at least 80% of the width of the vehicle, sitting as close to the top and bottom edges as possible. Side markings should run along at least 80% of the vehicle’s length (excluding the cab), ending within 600mm of the front and rear. The lower edge should be between 250mm and 1,500mm from the ground.

Tick marks at the upper corners help show the vehicle’s height. DVSA fleet compliance inspectors will expect these features to be present at annual test.

Conspicuity tape regulations across EU countries

Many EU member states follow UNECE Regulation 48 closely. But there are some differences.

In some cases, haulage vehicles need only 70% side coverage instead of 80%, and cab length is included in the overall vehicle length. This means the markings start nearer the front than UK layouts require. An alternative layout allows fleets to use a series of approved retroreflectors near the front instead of full-length tape.

These layouts are especially common on international trailers and vehicles approved under EU Directive 2007/35/EC.

For firms using international HGV drivers or operating cross-border, it’s worth training depot teams on both UK and EU marking differences to avoid delays at inspection points.

Marking standards by vehicle type

Not all vehicles suit standard marking layouts. Some have equipment or structural features that block part of the trailer body. In those cases, a line marking layout may be used instead of full or partial contour marking.

Common examples include:

• Skip loaders
• Concrete mixers
• Container carriers
• Hook-lift bodies
• Refuse trucks
• ADR haulage vehicles
• Car transporters
• Flatbeds or low loaders

If you operate a mixed fleet with specialist trailers, it’s safer to assume that some level of customisation or manufacturer guidance will be needed. The DVSA allows for these cases during inspections, as long as the markings reach the minimum standard and follow acceptable positions.

Rear markings and acceptable alternatives

Rear markings can be tape or rear marker plates (R70.01 approved). If fitted correctly, R70.01 plates can count toward the rear contour requirement. They must sit at least 200mm from the stop lamps and be within 400mm of the top edge of the body.

Avoid mixing older R70.00 plates with reflective tape. These don’t count toward compliance under current rules.

Inspection, type approval and enforcement

From 2012 onwards, the DVSA has checked conspicuity markings during the annual HGV test. Examiners check the rear and side tapes or markings. If the layout falls outside the required positions, the vehicle may be flagged.

If your vehicles fall under EC Whole Vehicle Type Approval, the markings will likely be installed before delivery. But it’s still the operator’s responsibility to keep the markings in good condition.

Wear and tear, pressure washing, or UV exposure can all fade or peel reflective tape. Drivers should include visual checks as part of their daily walkarounds. It also helps support wider compliance with drivers’ hours rules and safety policies.

Using HGV reflective tape across a mixed fleet

Fleet managers running courier vans, rigids and articulated trailers may struggle with consistency. You might not need conspicuity markings on vans under 3.5 tonnes, but it’s worth considering uniform markings across the fleet for visual consistency and road safety.

This becomes more relevant when vehicles carry branded wraps, or when markings form part of your haulage fleet insurance risk profile.

Many operators pair reflective tape with edge-mounted lamps for increased visibility. Just make sure the combined layout doesn’t breach lighting regulations or make marker lights harder to see.

Choosing the right conspicuity markings for your fleet

Choosing conspicuity markings starts with compliance. But cost, durability, and fitment method also matter.

Look for E-marked tape with an approval code matching ECE 104. Suppliers should provide test certificates or technical datasheets on request. Avoid cheap, unbranded imports that may not reflect consistently or stick to the vehicle surface.

Speak to your bodybuilder or trailer supplier about mounting points. Some older vehicles may need small modifications, such as aluminium strips or brackets, to create flat surfaces for tape application.

High-performance tapes can improve visibility at distances of up to 1,000 metres. This is especially useful in poor weather or when transporting goods like food, chemicals, or cold chain transport.

A well-marked trailer is also easier to spot in depots, on ferry decks, or when coupling in the dark.

Conspicuity regulation FAQs

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

📉 Tired drivers = costly claims

Fatigued drivers are a growing risk — and insurers are sounding the alarm. Beyond the legal obligations, ignoring fatigue can mean higher costs, more incidents, and staff turnover.

→ See what fleets should be doing to manage driver fatigue.

🔍 How to find ULEZ-friendly hauliers

ULEZ rules are tightening — and if your haulier isn’t compliant, you’re risking delays, fines, or a reputational hit.

This guide walks through how to find ULEZ-compliant partners and keep your goods (and conscience) clean.

→ Learn what to check before you book.

⚖️ No plan. No training. One fatal mistake.

A UK textile firm has been fined £220,000 after a director was fatally injured by a reversing HGV.

With no risk assessment or safe system in place, the incident highlights the legal and human costs of poor safety practices.

→ Read what went wrong — and how to avoid it.

📋 Keep it legal: hours, breaks & records

Whether you’re running UK or international freight, driver hours rules are non-negotiable.

This guide explains maximum shifts, mandatory breaks, and POA rules — without the jargon.

→ See what applies and when.

🔐 One password to doom them all

KNP, a 158-year-old UK haulier, collapsed after a single compromised password triggered a £5m ransomware attack.

It’s a brutal reminder that cyber threats are real — and no fleet is immune.

→ See how one breach brought down a haulage giant.

Multimodal transport is the movement of goods using two or more different modes of transport under a single contract and operator. This means one logistics provider is responsible for coordinating the entire journey, even if the cargo travels by road, rail, sea, or air.

Multimodal logistics is increasingly popular thanks to its simplicity, speed, and flexibility across borders. In this guide, we’ll look at how multimodal logistics works, compare it with intermodal transport, and show how businesses can benefit from this approach.

Multimodal vs intermodal transport explained

Multimodal and intermodal transport both use a combination of road, rail, sea, or air to move goods. 

The main difference is that multimodal transport involves one contract and a single logistics provider responsible for the entire journey, while intermodal uses multiple contracts with different carriers for each leg.

Let’s look at the difference between the two side by side:

Transportation modes in multimodal logistics

Multimodal logistics depends on combining different freight methods to move goods across countries and continents. 

Each mode plays a unique role depending on the cargo, route, and final destination.

Road freight

Road freight offers flexibility for first-mile and last-mile delivery, connecting other transport hubs like rail depots or ports. It’s often managed by freight forwarders who coordinate pickups and deliveries as part of the wider logistics chain.

Rail freight

Rail is ideal for long-distance inland transport, offering lower costs and emissions than road. It’s well-suited for large volumes of goods moving across borders or regions.

Sea freight

Sea freight is commonly used in freight forwarding for international shipments, especially heavy or high-volume cargo. 

It’s the most cost-effective mode for long-haul global delivery, though it tends to be slower than others and often requires careful customs clearance to avoid delays at ports.

Air freight

Air freight is the fastest mode and is ideal for time-sensitive or high-value items. It’s often used to bridge gaps in longer multimodal routes when speed is a non-negotiable.

Pipeline transport

Pipelines are used for specific cargo types like oil, gas, or chemicals, usually over long distances. Though limited in scope, they can be a part of certain industrial multimodal routes.

Benefits and challenges of multimodal transport

Multimodal logistics offers several advantages, especially when it comes to efficiency, cost, and emissions. That said, it’s not without a few operational hurdles that shippers should keep in mind.

Cost savings and faster transit

By combining modes like air and rail or sea and truck, businesses can reduce costs and delivery times. 

Multimodal transportation is especially efficient for long-distance routes that would be expensive or slow if handled by a single mode alone.

Solid communication and accountability

With one contract and a single logistics provider, communication is centralised, reducing admin and confusion. There’s one point of contact for the entire journey, simplifying issue resolution and status updates.

This structure helps avoid miscommunication between carriers and offers greater consistency from dispatch to delivery. You can read more about how responsibilities differ in our guide to freight brokers vs freight forwarders.

Paperwork complexity and tracking challenges

While multimodal transport simplifies communication, it can still involve complex documentation for international shipments. 

Customs rules vary by country, and delays can happen if paperwork isn’t properly prepared or submitted.

Tracking is also centralised but not always accurate, especially when goods move across networks with varying levels of tech infrastructure. 

Smaller carriers may lack real-time visibility tools or integrations with the main provider.

Supply chain disruption risks

Multimodal logistics can be more vulnerable to disruption if one mode fails or delays occur at important transfer points. A delay at a seaport or rail terminal, for example, can affect the whole shipment timeline.

To reduce risk, some businesses build in buffer time or use secondary carriers for contingency. Others rely on digital tools to reroute goods mid-transit based on availability and updated timelines.

Real world examples and industry applications

Multimodal transportation isn’t just theory: it’s being deployed by leading logistics firms for cost savings, speed, and sustainability. Here are a few real-world implementations making an impact today:

DHL’s MMEX (Multimodal Express)

DHL launched its MMEX service in early 2019, combining ocean, air, and road transport to deliver shipments from China or Vietnam to the US, Europe, and Latin America in under 20 days. 

The programme handles over 5 million kg and serves more than 300 customers, offering a sustainable and faster alternative to traditional ocean freight.

DHL & Schneider Electric Air‑Sea Multimodal Pilot

In partnership with Schneider Electric, DHL’s Asian multimodal bridges (e.g. Singapore–North America) used sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) on air legs and sea legs where possible, reducing carbon emissions by up to 40% vs conventional air freight.

AI‑driven container planning

A 2021 study on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for multimodal logistics showed that AI‑based container assignment algorithms can reduce total transport costs by 20.48%–55.32% and increase rail capacity use by up to 20.54% compared to traditional planning.

Essential documentation for multimodal shipments

Multimodal transport may be managed under a single contract, but it still requires a full set of documents to move goods across borders and between modes. 

These help guarantee legal compliance, proper billing, cargo security, and smooth customs processes.

Common documents include:

• Multimodal Bill of Lading (BOL): A single contract that covers the entire journey, regardless of mode.
• Commercial invoice: Lists the goods, value, terms of sale, and seller/buyer information.
• Packing list: Details the cargo contents, weights, and how goods are packaged.
• Customs declaration: Used to clear goods across international borders.
• Certificates of Origin: Shows where the goods were manufactured, often for trade agreements.
• Insurance certificate: Proves that the cargo is covered for loss or damage during transit.
• Import/export licences: Required for controlled goods or trade with regulated countries.
• Documents related to import tax and customs duties: Guarantees compliance with destination country rules and tariffs.

Managing multimodal operations effectively

Running a seamless multimodal operation means more than just linking transport modes; it’s about coordination, visibility, and control at every handover point. 

From planning routes to tracking cargo and managing timelines, effective multimodal logistics relies on strong communication between carriers, ports, warehouses, and customs agents.

Key success factors include:

• Clear responsibilities across all parties involved in the chain
• Real-time tracking to avoid disruptions or delays
• Contingency planning to manage risks like strikes, weather, or bottlenecks
• Strong documentation flow to prevent compliance issues and handover delays

When done right, multimodal operations can reduce costs, speed up transit times, and make global logistics far more efficient.

Technology shaping multimodal logistics

Digital innovation is revolutionising multi mode transport by strengthening cost efficiency, reducing emissions, and strengthening supply chain resilience. Let’s take a closer look:

Real‑time tracking

Real-time tracking technologies (like GPS, IoT sensors, and TMS platforms), can lower delays by up to 58%, dramatically reducing missed-pickup costs and customer claims. 

These tools improve transparency, cut operational inefficiencies, and empower proactive decision-making on routes and timing. 

Automation and autonomous systems

Automation in ports, warehouses, and vehicles helps improve the movement and handling of multimodal cargo. For instance, coordinated platooning of trucks enabled around 10% fuel savings in EU trials via automated cruise and road-grade systems.

Blockchain for secure data exchange

Blockchain is increasingly used in logistics to secure and speed up information exchange between carriers and customs agencies. 

Enterprises implementing blockchain have reported 15–35% cost savings and 30–60% faster cycle times in documentation and shipments.

Future trends in multimodal transport

Multimodal transport is picking up speed as businesses try to move goods faster, cleaner, and with fewer headaches. 

One of the biggest shifts on the horizon is the push for greener logistics, with more companies swapping trucks for trains or using electric vehicles on last-mile deliveries.

Digital tools are also getting smarter. From AI that plans routes in seconds to blockchain systems that cut through paperwork, tech is making it easier to keep everything running smoothly across modes.

Infrastructure is catching up too. More governments and ports are investing in multimodal hubs, smart terminals, and better rail links to support this kind of joined-up thinking.

Multimodal transport FAQs

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

💨 Hydrogen who? Stellantis scraps H2O plans

Stellantis, which makes commercial vehicles under the Citroen, FIAT Professional, Opel, Peugeot, Ram and Vauxhall brands, is scrapping its hydrogen programme to focus on EVs and hybrids — a move that signals which way the wind is blowing for van fleets.

Expect more electric choice, faster development, and fewer distractions.

→ See why hydrogen’s on pause and what comes next.

📄 What’s a waybill? (And why it matters)

A waybill is more than just a bit of paper — it’s a legal document that keeps your goods moving and protects your business.

If you’ve ever mixed up a Bill of Lading with a POD, this one’s for you.

→ Read the plain-English guide to what a waybill is and how it works.

🚐 Vans too heavy? Your wallet’s going to feel it

DVSA says van overloading fines hit £390,000 last year — and it’s getting stricter. Many operators don’t even realise they’re overloaded until it’s too late.

Learn what to check, what’s legal, and how to avoid fines and safety risks.

→ Find out how to stay on the right side of the weight limit.

❄️ Frozen, not frazzled: your cold chain playbook

Cold chain logistics is about more than temperature — it’s about timing, tracking and control.

From sensors to SOPs, this complete guide breaks down how to keep food, pharma and other perishable goods safe, compliant and profitable.

→ Get the complete guide to cold chain logistics.

🛠️ Maintenance plans gathering dust? Fix that.

Plenty of fleets have a preventive maintenance (PM) plan. But if it’s not used, it’s useless.

This US-based article breaks down how to build a calendar that’s clear, collaborative and actually gets followed — not ignored. With lessons UK fleets can steal too.

→ Learn how to make PM plans that stick.

🔌 Switching to e-vans? Avoid these rookie errors

Switching from diesel to electric vans isn’t just about plugging in and hoping for the best.

From charging setup to payload planning and driver training, this guide walks through the key steps for a smooth, stress-free transition.

→ See what to get right when going electric.

A waybill is a document that travels with goods during transport and outlines the important details of the shipment. It’s used by carriers, recipients, and customs officials to track, move, and confirm delivery of goods.

In this guide, we’ll break down the full waybill meaning, how waybills compare to similar documents, and what you need to know if you’re moving freight across the UK or internationally.

Why waybills are necessary in logistics

A waybill acts as the backbone of many transport operations. It provides a clear and written summary of what’s being moved, who it’s for, and how it’s getting there.

Because the waybill travels with the goods, it’s available whenever there’s a handover, checkpoint, or delivery. It’s often needed for smooth customs clearance, especially when moving goods between countries.

It also supports more accurate and transparent communication between parties, particularly freight forwarders, carriers, and recipients. 

In short, a waybill helps prevent confusion, delays, and disputes during the shipping process.

Main components of a waybill

A standard waybill includes a few important sections. These help keep everyone in the loop from the moment goods leave the warehouse until they’re delivered.

You’ll typically find:

• The names and contact details of the sender and receiver
• A full description of the goods (weight, quantity, packaging)
• Pickup and delivery addresses
• Handling instructions or special notes
• The carrier’s name and vehicle or flight details
• The waybill number, which is used to track the shipment

All these fields work together to support the core waybill meaning. In other words: a detailed, transport-ready summary of your shipment that travels with the goods.

If you’re still wondering what is a waybill number, it’s simply the unique code that identifies your shipment. This number is important for tracking in real time and is often entered into carrier systems or freight exchange platforms to keep tabs on the shipment’s status.

Types of waybills

There’s more than one type of waybill, and each is tailored to the mode of transport being used. Below are the most common types you’ll come across.

Road waybill

Also called a CMR (after the French term for the convention that regulates it), the road waybill is used when goods travel by lorry across borders. 

It contains standardised sections for all the necessary info required under European law. 

Rail waybills

These are used when goods are transported by train. A rail waybill will often include extra details about the rail route, wagons, and handling instructions.

Air waybill

Used for air freight, the air waybill (AWB) is a non-negotiable document that outlines the terms of the air cargo contract. 

It’s standardised by IATA and is one of the most widely recognised waybill types.

Sea waybill

The sea waybill is used for ocean freight, and unlike a bill of lading, it doesn’t serve as proof of ownership. 

This speeds up delivery since the recipient doesn’t need to present the original document to collect their cargo.

House waybills

These are created by freight forwarders to cover individual shipments within a larger load. They’re often used when several clients’ goods are combined into one container.

Master waybills

A master waybill is issued by the main carrier (like a shipping line or airline) and covers all goods in a consolidated shipment. It links directly to the house waybills inside.

Multimodal waybills

If your goods are travelling by more than one method (say, road and sea), you’ll use a multimodal transport waybill. This provides one document to cover the entire journey, simplifying handovers and recordkeeping.

Waybill vs bill of lading

It’s easy to confuse a waybill with a bill of lading (BOL), but there are some clear differences. The biggest one? A waybill is not a document of title, so it can’t be used to claim ownership of the goods.

Here’s a breakdown to make it clear:

A waybill is simpler and quicker to use in many cases, especially when there’s no need to transfer ownership during transit. If you’re working with a freight forwarder, they’ll advise you on when a BOL is required instead.

Wondering how different transport roles work together? Make sure to investigate the difference between freight brokers and freight forwarders.

Functions and legal importance of waybills

Although a waybill doesn’t transfer ownership, it still plays several important roles. Here’s what it does:

Contract of carriage

A signed waybill acts as evidence of the agreement between the sender and the carrier. It outlines what’s being shipped and under what terms.

Receipt of goods

The waybill also serves as proof that the carrier has taken possession of the goods. This can be helpful when working out disputes or confirming delivery status.

Tracking and dispute handling

The waybill number allows everyone involved to track the shipment from start to finish. If anything goes missing or arrives damaged, the waybill is often the first thing reviewed.

How to complete a waybill

If you understand the waybill meaning, you’ll know it’s more than just admin: it’s what keeps your shipment moving without delays, confusion, or disputes. 

Here’s a practical guide to getting it right.

What to include on your waybill

Make sure these sections are completed clearly and accurately:

• Sender and receiver details: Add full names, addresses, phone numbers, and (if applicable) company names. These must be correct, since even a small mistake can cause delivery issues.
  
• Description of the goods: List the quantity, weight, dimensions, and type of goods being shipped. Mention how the items are packed (e.g. boxes, pallets, crates).
  
• Waybill number: As you now know, this is the tracking reference for the shipment. If your system doesn’t generate one, ask your carrier or freight platform for guidance.
  
• Pickup and delivery details: Enter the full collection and delivery addresses, including postcodes. Add any delivery windows or timing requirements if needed.
  
• Carrier and transport info: Include the name of the carrier, vehicle registration or flight number, and the planned route if known. This helps link the waybill to the right journey.
  
• Special instructions: If the shipment needs to be handled in a particular way (e.g. fragile, chilled, or hazardous goods), make a clear note here. It’s better to over-communicate than assume someone will know.
  
• Signature or confirmation section: Many waybills include a space for the recipient to confirm delivery. This may be digital (for e-waybills) or physical, depending on how your carrier operates.
  

Who fills in what?

The sender usually completes the first part of the waybill, especially anything related to the goods themselves. It’s their responsibility to give an accurate and full description.

The carrier or freight forwarder may complete transport-specific fields, like routing or reference numbers. In some cases, they’ll double-check the document before pickup to make sure nothing’s missing.

Before the shipment leaves, make sure both parties have a copy (physical or digital). If you’re using a freight exchange or logistics platform, the document may be shared and stored automatically.

Common errors and how to avoid them

Here are some of the most common mistakes seen on waybills. We’ll also explain how to avoid them:

• Missing or incorrect waybill number: Without a valid number, tracking becomes a nightmare. Always double-check the format before issuing the document.
  
• Wrong recipient details: A simple typo can send your shipment to the wrong location. Always confirm names and addresses with the receiver before dispatch.
  
• Vague product descriptions: Not stating exactly what’s in the shipment can lead to customs clearance issues. Be clear about what’s inside, how it’s packed, and what it’s used for.
  
• Skipping special instructions: If the goods are fragile, temperature-sensitive, or hazardous, this must be noted on the waybill. Don’t rely on word-of-mouth.
  
• Not updating information after changes: If anything changes mid-shipment (like the delivery address), update the waybill and let everyone know. This helps avoid disputes down the line.

Waybill examples and templates

There’s no one-size-fits-all template, but most waybills follow the same structure. If you’re creating one from scratch or filling in a digital version, look for:

• Sender and receiver fields
• Description of goods
• Carrier information
• Tracking number (your waybill number)
• Handling instructions
• Delivery confirmation section

Most carriers and freight exchange platforms provide templates you can download or fill in online. Some also offer e-waybills that update in real-time and reduce paperwork.

Frequently asked questions

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

🔌 Power move: Nissan’s EV charger for HGVs

Nissan’s new £1.4m EV charging station for HGVs is designed for speed and scale.

It’s a glimpse of what’s needed as the UK transitions to electric logistics. Faster infrastructure = smoother adoption.

→ See what’s powering the next phase of HGV electrification.

🇪🇺 UK–EU cabotage: play by the rules or pay the price

Cabotage rules are an important part of operating across UK and EU borders. Our guide article breaks down what’s allowed, what’s not, and what’s changed since Brexit.

Staying compliant avoids fines, and protects your access.

→ Learn how to stay legal with UK and EU cabotage.

⚡ Too close for comfort: tipper hits power lines

A Cumbrian tipper driver narrowly avoided serious injury after hitting overhead power lines. A reminder of how easy it is to overlook risks, and why site awareness and safe procedures matter more than ever.

→ Read the full story and safety takeaways.

😓 Drivers under pressure? It’s costing your fleet

Driver stress and mental health issues aren’t just personal—they can impact performance, safety, and retention.

Our guide explains what to look for, how to offer support, and why your business should care.

→ See how better mental health leads to better performance.

✅ How to build a better load checklist

Even small errors in freight paperwork can cause big delays or extra costs.

This guide breaks down how US freight teams are using structured checklists to prevent mistakes, something UK fleets can borrow from too. Avoid simple slip-ups and improve your process.

→ Steal the best checklist habits from across the pond.

🤖 Will AI rewrite America’s freight strategy?

The US is rethinking its freight strategy with AI, automation, and smart infrastructure leading the way.

While it’s an American initiative, it gives clues to where UK freight might head next.

→ See what tech trends could shape UK logistics too.

Intermodal transportation is a logistics method where goods are moved using two or more modes of transport (like rail, road, or sea), without handling the cargo itself when switching between modes. 

This is made possible through the use of standardised intermodal freight containers that remain sealed throughout the journey.

In this guide, we’ll break down how intermodal freight works, what makes it efficient, and where it’s most commonly used. You’ll learn about its benefits, practical applications, and the technologies that keep these systems running smoothly.

Intermodal vs multimodal explained

Intermodal transportation uses multiple modes of transport with a separate carrier (and contract) for each leg of the journey, allowing more flexibility at transfer points.

Multimodal transport also combines modes, but the entire shipment is handled by a single carrier under one contract.

Here is a comparison of the two concepts side by side:

If you’re managing complex shipments or working with multiple carriers, freight forwarders can help coordinate each leg of the journey. 

Freight forwarding is the process of organising and managing the shipment of goods from one place to another, typically across borders. A freight forwarder acts as an intermediary between the shipper and various transport services, handling everything from bookings and paperwork to customs clearance and delivery.

Why intermodal transport is important

Intermodal transportation is growing in popularity thanks to its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability.

Let’s look at these elements in more detail:

Long‑distance cost savings

Intermodal transport helps reduce costs by shifting long-haul segments to rail or sea, which are cheaper per mile than road freight. This is especially useful for businesses moving high volumes across regions or borders.

The China–Europe rail route is a great example, offering faster transit than sea and lower costs than air. 

Many UK retailers also use rail from continental Europe to save on cross-border shipping expenses.

Less cargo handling and damage

Because goods stay inside one sealed container throughout the journey, there’s less need for manual handling at transfer points. 

Intermodal containerization plays an important role here, allowing cargo to move between modes without unloading or repacking.

This is particularly valuable in sectors like automotive or pharmaceuticals, where fragile or high-value items need extra protection. Intermodal shipping helps maintain product integrity from manufacturer to end user

Lower environmental impact

Rail and barge emit much less CO₂ than trucks, making intermodal freight transport a cleaner alternative. 

Many companies are adopting intermodal solutions to meet decarbonisation targets and improve sustainability reports.

For example, DPD and other e-commerce firms now combine electric delivery vans with rail freight for a low-emissions last-mile model. Green corridor projects across Europe are also prioritising intermodal infrastructure to meet climate goals.

Pros and cons of intermodal transport

Intermodal transport offers a range of advantages but also comes with a few trade-offs. Understanding both sides can help you decide whether it’s the right fit for your shipping strategy.

Pros

• Lower long-distance costs: Intermodal transport reduces reliance on road haulage for long trips by shifting to cheaper modes like rail and ocean freight. For example, many UK businesses now route goods through European rail corridors to cut fuel costs.
  
• Reduced handling and damage: Cargo remains in one container throughout the journey, lowering the risk of breakage or theft. This is especially helpful for delicate goods like electronics or medical supplies.
  
• Environmental benefits: Trains and barges produce far fewer emissions than HGVs, making intermodal freight a cleaner option. Many companies choose it to support ESG goals or meet decarbonisation targets.
  
• Greater flexibility across regions: Intermodal systems allow businesses to mix and match the best transport methods for each route. For instance, a shipment from China might combine rail to Eastern Europe and trucks for final delivery in the UK.

Cons

• Slower transit times: Switching between modes can add delays, particularly if there are hold-ups at terminals or ports. Time-sensitive cargo may require alternative logistics strategies.
  
• Infrastructure dependency: Intermodal transport relies on having access to well-equipped rail terminals, ports, and loading equipment. In remote areas, this can limit feasibility or increase costs.
  
• Complex coordination: Multiple carriers and schedules make planning more complicated than a single truckload journey. Without good tracking systems, it’s harder to manage disruptions or changes en route.
  
• Upfront investment: Shippers may need to invest in intermodal-compatible equipment or work with freight forwarders who specialise in these systems. In some cases, this can be a barrier for smaller companies just starting out.

The most common mode combinations

Different transport modes are paired based on cargo type, distance, and available infrastructure. 

Below are some of the most common intermodal combinations used in both domestic and international freight.

Ocean + Truck

Goods arrive at major ports via ocean freight and are then transported inland by road to warehouses or retail hubs. 

This is the most common setup for international trade, especially for UK imports coming through ports like Felixstowe or Southampton.

Ocean + Rail

Shipments are moved from port to inland locations using rail instead of road, offering lower emissions and bulk capacity. 

The China–Europe rail link is a good example, combining ocean freight to Russian ports with rail to central Europe.

Rail + Truck

Trucks handle the first or final mile, while rail covers the long-distance leg to reduce fuel use and congestion. 

Many UK e-commerce retailers use this combo for cross-border shipments from Europe with local delivery by HGV.

Ocean + Barge

After arriving by sea, containers are transferred onto inland barges that move along rivers or canals. 

This is common in Europe along the Rhine and Scheldt rivers, supporting low-emission cargo flow into landlocked regions.

Truck + Barge

Barges connect to road transport at smaller river ports, offering a quiet and efficient alternative to full road journeys. 

In the Netherlands and Belgium, barge-to-truck setups are used to deliver goods into dense city centres without clogging roads while also avoiding congestion charges.

How intermodal containerisation works

At the heart of intermodal transport is intermodal containerisation: the system of using standardised containers that can easily switch between trucks, trains, ships, and barges. 

This approach allows freight to move globally with minimal handling and maximum efficiency.

Common container types and sizes

Most intermodal freight containers fall into standard sizes like 20-foot (TEU) and 40-foot (FEU), which are used for everything from furniture to electronics. Other types include:

• High-cube containers
• Refrigerated (reefer) units for cold chain logistics
• Flat racks for heavy machinery
• Tank containers for liquids or chemicals.

These containers are built to handle stacking, lifting, and long-distance travel across multiple modes. 

Their durability and versatility make intermodal containerisation a reliable solution for many different industries.

International ISO container standards

All intermodal containers follow ISO (International Organization for Standardization) guidelines that guarantee global compatibility. These standards cover important details like:

• Container size
• Corner fittings
• Load limits
• Construction quality

Thanks to these shared specifications, a container loaded in Shanghai can move seamlessly by ship, rail, and road to the Midlands by a Birmingham haulage company without ever being opened. 

This is what makes intermodal freight transport both scalable and secure.

Managing intermodal freight operations

Running a successful intermodal setup involves more than just choosing the right modes. The process usually involves both a freight broker and a freight forwarder. 

The difference between freight brokers and freight forwarders lies in their role: brokers connect shippers with carriers for single shipments, while forwarders handle the full logistics chain, including documentation, customs, and coordination across multiple modes.

Timing, cargo type, and infrastructure all play a role in how smoothly your freight moves across the supply chain.

Transit time and cost considerations

Intermodal freight often takes longer than direct trucking due to transfer points and scheduling. However, cost savings from using rail or sea legs often outweigh the extra time, especially for non-urgent shipments.

Businesses must weigh the trade-off between delivery speed and budget, depending on customer expectations and inventory cycles. 

Some retailers compromise by using intermodal transport for restocking but reserve air or road for high-speed fulfilment.

Cargo characteristics and infrastructure

Certain goods (like bulk materials, durable goods, or packaged consumer items), are well suited to intermodal containerization. Fragile, high-value, or time-sensitive cargo may require more direct handling and specialist routing.

Success also depends on having access to terminals, cranes, storage yards, and reliable mode connectors. For international shipments, infrastructure must also support efficient customs clearance to avoid costly delays at borders.

Key documentation required

Intermodal transport crosses multiple borders and carriers, which means accurate paperwork is necessary at every stage. 

The documents required can vary by region and cargo type, but most shipments will need the following:

• Bill of Lading (BOL): Acts as a receipt and contract between shipper and carrier. Not to be confused with waybills.
• Commercial invoice: Details the goods, their value, and the terms of sale.
• Packing list: Describes the cargo contents and packaging format for inspection purposes.
• Customs declaration: Required when crossing borders to verify goods for duties and restrictions.
• Import/export licences: Mandatory for controlled goods or shipments to regulated countries.
• Certificates of Origin: Proves where goods were manufactured, often used for trade agreements.
• Insurance certificate: Confirms the shipment is covered against loss or damage.
• Documents related to import tax and customs duties: Guarantees compliance with local tax rules and tariff structures.

Technology in intermodal logistics

Digital tools are transforming how intermodal freight is tracked, managed, and delivered. From smart ports to blockchain, technology is making the system faster, greener, and more reliable.

Smart port and port digitalisation

Smart ports use digital scheduling, sensors, and automation to manage container traffic and reduce dwell times. 

This improves cargo flow, lowers emissions, and reduces idle time for ships and trucks.

Ports like Rotterdam and Hamburg are early adopters, offering real-time berth planning and container visibility. These upgrades are especially useful in managing peak periods and reducing port congestion.

Automation and autonomous systems

Automated cranes, vehicles, and robotic sorting systems help terminals move cargo more efficiently. This cuts labour costs and minimises delays caused by manual handling.

Some intermodal hubs use driverless trucks and rail shuttles within terminal grounds to keep operations running 24/7. These systems also reduce errors and speed up container transfer between modes.

Container tracking

Modern tracking systems use GPS, RFID, and IoT sensors to give real-time updates on container location and condition. This helps businesses manage delays and protect sensitive cargo.

High-value or temperature-sensitive shipments, like pharmaceuticals or electronics, benefit from constant monitoring. Customers also gain peace of mind through accurate delivery updates.

Blockchain and data security

Blockchain creates a secure, shared record of a shipment’s journey, reducing fraud and disputes. It can also automate transactions or alerts using smart contracts.

For intermodal freight, blockchain helps make customs clearance and cargo handoffs smoother. It’s especially useful in cross-border operations involving multiple carriers and jurisdictions.

Intermodal transportation FAQs

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

💶 Border blunders: EU fines to watch out for

Fines for border breaches are on the rise in 2025, with hauliers facing steep penalties for non-compliance.

From customs to transport violations, this article outlines what’s changing, and how to avoid getting caught out.

→ See what fines hauliers face at EU borders.

🚛 Tesco’s multi-million £ logistics expansion

Tesco is investing millions in a new automated distribution centre at London Gateway to boost resilience, scale its network, and speed up deliveries.

It’s a big move — and a sign of what’s next in grocery logistics and the growing opportunities for London haulage companies.

→ Read what Tesco’s latest investment means for freight.

📦 Know your numbers: tariff codes explained

Tariff codes are the backbone of cross-border freight. Get them wrong, and you risk delays, overpaying, or worse.

Our new guide breaks down the Harmonised System, finding the right code, and avoiding costly errors.

→ Learn how to classify your goods correctly.

📸 In-cab cameras: surveillance or safety?

Driver-facing cameras have earned a bad reputation, but are they really the enemy?

A new opinion piece by Nadeem Raza, CEO at Microlise, argues they’re actually a safety ally when used transparently and fairly.

→ Read the case for keeping cameras in the cab.

🚛 Chill in transit: your cold chain playbook

Cold chain logistics isn’t just about keeping things cold, it’s about preserving quality, safety, and value.

From pharma to food, our guide covers temperature control, common pitfalls, and how to optimise every step. If you move perishable goods, you need this.

→ Get the complete guide to cold chain logistics.

🔐 Protect your data, protect your fleet

Data breaches aren’t just an IT issue, they’re a business risk.

This piece by Alain Samaha, president at Teletrac Navman, explains how fleets can improve data protection by adopting a ‘privacy by design’ mindset from the ground up.

→ See how to build safer systems with privacy built in.

A UK tariff code is a unique number assigned to products that helps classify them for customs purposes, ensuring that the right taxes, duties, and fees are applied. 

In this guide, we’ll explain everything you need to know about UK tariff codes, from why they matter to how you can easily find a tariff code. If you’re new to the world of importing and exporting or if you’re starting a haulage company, we’ve got you covered with clear and straightforward info to get you on track.

Why tariff codes matter for trade

Tariff codes are the backbone of international trade; without them, customs wouldn’t know what your goods are, what duties to charge, or if your goods need special permits.

If you get your tariff code wrong, you could face delays, problems with customs clearance, or get charged the wrong amount. That means paying too much or, even worse, not getting your goods through at all. 

If you want to avoid mistakes like that, your first move is finding a tariff code that fits your product properly and lines up with how duties are applied (this ties closely to how import tax and customs duties are worked out in the UK).

Once you’ve got the right UK tariff code, your goods move through the system more smoothly, and you’re not caught off guard by extra costs or admin. 

Understanding the harmonised system (HS)

The Harmonised System (HS) is a globally standardised way of classifying goods. It forms the foundation for tariff codes used around the world, including in the UK.

Every product traded internationally is assigned an HS code, which helps customs authorities identify what the item is, apply the correct duties, and monitor trade statistics.

HS codes are recognised in over 200 countries and used by more than 98% of international trade. So, getting familiar with the HS system is key if you want your goods to move across borders without issues.

HS code format and UK commodity code details

The HS code is always six digits long. The first two digits show the broader category of the product, while the next four digits narrow it down.

In the UK, the code is extended by another four digits to make a total of ten digits. This extra detail helps classify the product even more precisely for customs.

Let’s take an example: imagine you’re importing shoes. The HS code for footwear could be something like 6403, which would tell customs that it’s a particular type of shoe.

But the UK might add extra digits (say 6403 91 10) which would give even more info about the material and purpose of the shoes. This is where you can see the difference between the HS code and the commodity code, as the latter is more specific to the UK.

Main methods for finding tariff codes

Finding the right UK tariff code doesn’t have to be hard, but it does depend on the type of goods you’re working with. Below, we’ll go through some easy ways you can find a tariff code and get your products moving through customs without any hassle.

Let’s break it down and look at the different methods you can use to get the code you need for your goods. First off:

Option 1: Use the UK trade tariff online tool

One of the easiest ways to find a tariff code is by using the UK trade tariff online tool. This free tool lets you search for your product and quickly pull up the right code. 

All you need to do is type in a description of your product! Then, the tool will give you the UK tariff code based on that.

It’s really straightforward to use, and it’s the first place you should go when you’re trying to figure out which code fits your product. If you’ve got a basic understanding of your goods, this tool can help you narrow down your options in no time.

Option 2: Email HMRC classification enquiries

If the online tool doesn’t cut it, or if you’re dealing with a more complex product, you can email HMRC for a classification enquiry. 

HMRC will help you figure out the right tariff code based on a more detailed description of your goods.

While this might take a bit longer than using the online tool, it’s a great way to get certainty when you’re unsure about where your product falls in the tariff system. Freight forwarders also often have experience dealing with HMRC and can help you get the correct classification for your product.

Option 3: Search via sections, chapters, or A-Z index

Another way to find a tariff code is by browsing through the UK tariff book, either via sections or chapters. This allows you to see how different products are classified based on their type or function.

The A-Z index can also be helpful for a quick look-up. While this method is a little more manual, it can give you a solid understanding of where your product fits in the tariff system and help you find the right code without relying on the online tool.

Option 4: Obtain an advance tariff ruling (ATR / ATI)

If you’re still not sure which tariff code applies, you can request an advance tariff ruling (ATR) from HMRC. This means you’ll submit your product details, and HMRC will officially tell you which code applies.

This is particularly useful if you’re dealing with a complex or unusual product. Once you’ve got your ATR, you’ll know exactly how your goods should be classified, giving you peace of mind when it comes to customs clearance.

Extra code types and declaration rules

In addition to the regular UK tariff codes, there are a few extra code types that apply in specific situations. These are typically for goods that fall under quotas, suspensions, or are exempt from VAT, and they require special tariff codes.

If your product is one of these, it’s important to use the correct code to avoid any issues with taxes or customs. When it comes to trade, getting the small details right is paramount, so don’t overlook these extra rules.

Combined nomenclature, TARIC and national extensions

The combined nomenclature (CN) and TARIC systems are used to classify goods in the EU. Parts of these systems still apply in the UK, especially for goods moving between the UK and EU. 

These systems use extra digits to give more detail about products, especially for those subject to quotas or special duties.

In addition, the UK has its own national extensions that provide even more precise classifications. These are added on top of the HS and CN codes to provide clarity for goods with unique characteristics or special treatment.

Applying codes for quotas, suspensions, and VAT

Certain goods fall under special rules, such as quotas, suspensions, or VAT exemptions. For these items, you’ll need to apply specific codes to make sure you’re meeting the regulations.

For example, some products might be exempt from certain duties if they’re classified under specific quotas or suspensions. 

To keep things running smoothly, always double-check whether your product falls under these special classifications, especially if you’re dealing with large haulage businesses that regularly handle this kind of trade.

Common errors and how to avoid them

• Using vague product descriptions: If your product description is too broad or unclear, you might land on the wrong code. Be as specific as possible when describing materials, use, and features.
  
• Relying on outdated codes: Tariff codes can change from year to year. Always check the most recent version of the UK trade tariff tool before filing any customs paperwork.
  
• Missing extra classification rules: Some goods require special codes for things like VAT relief, quotas, or suspended duties. Skipping these can result in delays or paying more than necessary.
  
• Stopping at the 6-digit HS code: The full UK code is ten digits, not six. If you don’t include the full code, your goods may not be processed correctly.
  
• Copying another company’s code: Just because a similar product uses a certain code doesn’t mean it applies to yours. Even small differences in material, design, or purpose can change the classification.
  
• Guessing instead of checking: Taking a shot in the dark to save time can lead to bigger issues later. If you’re unsure, contact HMRC for advice or use a freight exchange platform to connect with professionals who know the system inside out.
  
• Not updating the code when the product changes: If your product’s materials, use, or specs change, the tariff code might too. Always review the code whenever something about the product shifts.

Tariff code FAQs

Welcome to This Week in Freight, your go-to source for the latest haulage and road freight news and advice in the UK.

Every Friday, we gather the week’s top stories affecting fleet managers, operators, and drivers, keeping you informed on industry trends, updates, and key developments.

🌍 Freight matching pays off: £68k earned, 8 tonnes of CO₂ saved

A smart freight initiative in the South West has matched 65 loads, cutting 7,915kg of CO₂ and earning hauliers over £68,000.

With 11 companies onboard and the Haulage Exchange platform powering it all, it’s a win for business and the planet.

→ Read how smart matching is reshaping regional haulage.

📝 Outdated and overexposed: the risk of paper-based checks

55% of fleets still rely on paper forms to assess driver risk.

Manual checks may be familiar, but they’re far from foolproof. Digital tools offer real-time insight and safer roads.

TTC says the shift is no longer optional — it’s essential.

→ See why automation is key to fleet risk management.

🚛 Walking floors, rolling profits

Bulk haulage isn’t one-size-fits-all. From tipper trucks to walking floors, each option has pros, cons, and ideal use cases.

If you’re shifting agricultural, construction or recycling loads, this guide breaks down what matters: safety, compliance, and capacity.

→ Get the full guide to bulk transport and walking floor haulage.

🔋 How long will your electric truck really last?

Worried your EV will fade before your finance deal ends?

Don’t be. New data shows electric vehicle batteries are lasting far longer than expected — often still performing well past 150,000 miles.

For fleet managers planning the EV switch, this is one myth worth retiring.

→ See the real data on EV battery life.

🛡️ Cover your cab: the 2025 HGV insurance guide

The wrong insurance could cost you more than a claim.

From types of cover to what affects your premiums (and how to lower them), this updated guide walks you through everything UK operators need to know in 2025. Avoid hidden costs and drive protected.

→ Read the full guide to HGV insurance.

Bulk freight isn’t always easy to handle. When you’re collecting or delivering loose waste, woodchip, or agricultural produce, the job often needs a specific trailer setup.

That’s where the walking floor comes in.

In this guide, we’ll explain how walking floor trailers work, where they’re used, and what your fleet needs to operate them safely and legally.

We’ll also cover trailer types, health and safety, and sector opportunities—particularly for bulk and waste haulage work across the UK and EU.

What is a walking floor and how does it work?

A walking floor is a hydraulically powered trailer floor made up of slats that move in a sequence. It’s designed to gradually push material out the back of the trailer without tipping.

This unloading method keeps the vehicle stable at all times. That’s especially useful on uneven ground, at low-roof depots, or when working in built-up areas.

How a walking floor trailer unloads

The trailer’s bed is split into three sets of slats. These slats work together in a cycle:

• All three sets move backwards together, sliding the load towards the rear.
• Then, two sets hold firm while one returns to the front.
• This continues until the trailer is empty.

The process is smooth and controlled. Drivers can pause or reverse the movement, making it ideal for bulk sites with strict access limits or uneven terrain.

Benefits for haulage businesses

Using a walking floor trailer means you won’t need to lift or tip the trailer to unload. That reduces risks to the driver and others on site.

It also makes the trailer more flexible. You can unload in low-clearance areas, back into bays, or even on slopes.

Plus, walking floors aren’t just for loose material. Some haulage fleets use them for palletised goods on the return leg, adding more options for balancing outbound and inbound loads.

Trailer types for bulk material and waste transport

Not every trailer is built for loose, heavy loads. If you’re looking to expand your freight transport work in this space, it helps to know your options.

• Walking floor lorry: Often used for waste or recycling, it’s a rigid truck with a moving floor built into the chassis.
• Moving floor trailers: These are larger, articulated trailers with higher capacity. Good for biomass, bulk waste, or agricultural use.
• Tippers and ejectors: Still common, especially for construction loads, but less stable on uneven ground.
• Bulk tankers: Used for powders or liquids, not interchangeable with walking floors.

Adding one of these to your fleet could open new haulage and logistics contracts in the recycling, food processing, and energy sectors.

Where walking floors are used in haulage

The walking floor trailer is a staple in several sectors that deal with bulk materials. These industries often post regular work on load boards or book through freight forwarders.

• Waste and recycling: Household waste, commercial skip contents, and non-hazardous industrial material.
• Agriculture: Grain, fertiliser, animal feed, and silage.
• Woodchip and biomass: Often moved for energy production or industrial use.
• Retail backhauls: Some operators carry pallets or cages on the return leg, making better use of trailer space.

Companies and contracts to target

Local councils, waste management firms, and energy producers often use walking floor lorries. Many of these companies operate through brokered contracts, with some compliance expectations such as FORS accreditation.

Private-sector clients include food processors, sawmills, and manufacturers who need regular waste clearance.

These are typically high-volume contracts. Once you’ve proved reliability, they tend to bring long-term opportunities.

Health and safety considerations

Bulk material handling comes with its own risks, especially around unloading and site access.

• Load shift: Material can shift during transit if not packed evenly. A good driver risk assessment helps prevent rollover or instability.
• Site hazards: Uneven ground, narrow bays, or weather exposure can affect unloading. The floor’s non-tipping design helps reduce these issues.
• Contamination: Mixed waste or organic material may require the trailer to be cleaned between loads to prevent cross-contamination.

Driver training is especially important. Some firms include HGV driver training specific to walking floor operations, which helps avoid avoidable delays or load damage.

Compliance for bulk and waste loads

Whether you’re running across the UK or cross-border into the EU, compliance matters in bulk haulage.

Most walking floor loads fall under waste or agricultural rules, so you’ll need to stay up to date.

UK waste carrier and vehicle rules

If you carry waste, even non-hazardous material, you need a waste carrier licence from the Environment Agency. Loads also need to be accompanied by a waste transfer note showing what’s being moved and where.

Check your HGV operator licence to make sure your fleet is authorised for waste work. Some traffic areas may inspect operators more closely depending on the materials carried.

You’ll also need to keep vehicle condition in check. Walk-throughs or audits may focus on contamination control and the state of the unloading system.

EU transport and trailer compliance

When operating abroad, different rules may apply depending on the type of load and country. For example:

• Waste classification and labelling differ between EU nations.
• Loading and unloading protocols must follow EN standards in most regions.
• Some countries require special permits or licences.

For certain categories, like medical or chemical waste, ADR haulage rules apply. These don’t always affect walking floor work, but it’s worth checking if you transport hazardous loads.

Is a walking floor setup right for your fleet?

Before adding a walking floor trailer, think about your current contracts and the types of loads you’re equipped to handle.

Ask yourself:

• Are you regularly turning down bulk jobs due to lack of capacity?
• Do you have access to loading bays or sites with low clearance?
• Are there seasonal demand peaks in your area that could justify a specialised trailer?
• Would a non-tipping option reduce driver or site risk?

It’s also worth considering your current trailer mix. A flexible setup that allows for both loose and palletised goods could make your asset more useful year-round.

FAQs about walking floor haulage

In 2020, as the transport industry responded to the chaos caused by the pandemic, Valentin Cirstea saw an opportunity and started his own courier company, LUKRS. 

“I put all my savings into buying a Luton van and joined Courier Exchange as an Owner Driver… and it didn’t fail to deliver,” he says. 

Since joining, LUKRS has grown rapidly from a small courier company to a full-scale haulage business on Haulage Exchange.

They now operate a ‘walking floor division’ for bulk waste materials and handle European haulage with in-house customs clearance. 

Here’s how he did it. 

Approach 

Before starting LUKRS, Valentin was working as an Uber driver. When Covid hit, he saw his chance to change direction and build something of his own. 

Joining CX as an Owner Driver Valentin started using it daily and gained traction quickly. “I started to secure regular haulage loads, which helped me over time to develop the business and purchase more vehicles.” 

As demand grew, he started laying the foundations for a larger operation by getting his Transport Manager qualifications. This led him to meeting business partner, Luciana Stanciu, which “had a huge help in developing this business together” Valentin adds. 

Luciana manages the nine-truck fleet and full-time drivers for LUKRS, relying heavily on the Exchange to streamline operations. 

The Exchange is extremely straightforward and easy to use.

Luciana Stanciu, Business Partner, LUKRS

“We rely on it for securing bookings, monitoring subcontracted haulage work, accounting and also keeping in touch with our clients.” 

“The live tracking feature is also extremely useful. Whether we are doing a job on Haulage Exchange or someone else is doing a job for us, it works great both ends.”  

For example, if we are doing a job for a poster on Exchange, they can track our lorries, so they know exactly where we are. When we subcontract a job, rather than me calling the courier and ask what’s the ETA, I can just simply see it on the app.” 

The Exchange has also helped reduce the “empty mileage we have on our trucks” Luciana adds. “If I get into a really remote area, I can easily find a load to take me out of there.” 

LUKRS also rely on the platform’s integrated tech such as Trustd and SmartPay to run their business with ease.  

Trustd is a very good thing. New members joining the Exchange, need to pass through more security checks, which gives us a peace of mind for both haulers and forwarders that use the platform.

Richard Spencer, Founder, LUKRS

Speaking about SmartPay, Luciana says “It just makes the admin work a lot easier. You can just make a payment straight to the Exchange, and then they just sort everything out for you. So at the end of the week, when you have to do all that admin work, it’s done in a matter of minutes.” 

Results 

With the help of Haulage Exchange, LUKRS has grown into a full–scale haulage business, with specialist work now central to their offering. 

The ‘walking floor division’ moves bulk waste materials for the renewables and waste management sectors – which was one of the “main goals since we started the company” says Valentin. “This is a relatively new sector we are operating in but it’s rapidly growing” he adds. 

They also offer European haulage and customs clearance which has helped them unlock even more opportunities across Europe. 

“I believe Brexit, for us actually helped, because we became specialized into all the customs procedures and not many people do it.” 

“Imports and exports in the UK have become incredibly difficult due to Brexit. It’s now a complex process, that’s why we decided to become authorised customs agents” Valentin says.  

By becoming authorised customs agents, LUKRS can now handle the entire cross-border process in-house. From import tax paperwork and approval to delivery, this reduces delays and gives their clients quicker and more dependable service. 

This client-focused approach is what earns LUKRS such outstanding reviews on the Exchange. 

5 years

On the Exchange

853

Positive reviews

Conclusion 

For Valentin, the rapid growth and success of LUKRS can be directly attributed to the Exchange.  

I strongly believe without Haulage Exchange, I wouldn’t be able to build this business so rapidly

Richard Spencer, Founder, LUKRS

Luciana adds, “It’s very easy to find work at the beginning, especially if you don’t have your own clients. It helps build those relationships up. It helps increase your fleet and get more work in. And it really helps with the cash flow.” 

The success LUKRS has found in just over five years goes to show that with access to the right network, tech, and support, it’s possible to build a thriving haulage business at any time… even amidst a global pandemic!