Compliance Archives - Haulage Exchange

Driving a heavy goods vehicle (HGV) or passenger-carrying vehicle (PCV) professionally in the UK comes with important legal responsibilities. One of the most important is maintaining a valid Driver CPC (Certificate of Professional Competence).

Whether you’re new to the industry or an experienced driver, understanding how CPC training works is pivotal. This guide walks you through everything from CPC check processes and exemptions to training hours, costs, and approved providers.

What is driver CPC training?

“Driver CPC” stands for Certificate of Professional Competence. It’s a qualification all professional drivers of HGVs and PCVs must hold in the UK.

Introduced to improve road safety and promote consistent driving standards, CPC training is now a legal requirement. It applies whether you’re operating independently, working for a small haulage business, or employed by a national logistics firm.

Your CPC licence consists of an initial qualification followed by periodic training every five years.

Who needs a driver CPC qualification?

You’ll need a Driver CPC if you drive a lorry over 3.5 tonnes or a bus, coach, or minibus with more than eight passenger seats. This applies to most commercial driving roles in the UK.

Whether you’re part of a freight exchange, subcontracting, or working full time for a large haulage business, the rule still applies. Even occasional or part-time drivers must hold a valid DQC if they’re being paid to drive.

There are a few exemptions for non-commercial driving, emergency services, and certain testing or repair roles. But most professional drivers must complete drivers CPC training and keep it up to date.

Initial CPC vs periodic CPC training

There are two stages of CPC training: the initial qualification and periodic renewal. Which one you need depends on whether you’re entering the industry or already driving professionally.

1. Initial CPC

The initial qualification is required for anyone who wants to start driving professionally. It consists of four parts: theory test, case studies, practical driving test, and vehicle safety demonstration.

Once all four parts are passed, you’re issued a Driver Qualification Card (DQC) valid for five years. If you’re just getting started, see our guide on how to become an HGV driver.

2. Periodic CPC

Drivers with an existing DQC must complete 35 hours of periodic training every five years. This helps you stay up to date on safety practices, regulations, and driving techniques.

You can complete the training in blocks or space it out over five years. Just make sure the training is with a JAUPT-approved provider and completed before your DQC expires.

Driver CPC hours explained

Understanding how CPC hours work is a must if you want to stay compliant. Tracking your hours also helps avoid last-minute problems before renewal.

The 35 hour periodic training requirement

All professional drivers must complete 35 hours of CPC training every five years. Each course must last at least seven hours and cover relevant topics like road safety, fuel efficiency, first aid, and HGV speed restrictions in the UK.

Many training providers offer flexible formats to suit your schedule. If you’re part of a freight forwarder network, you might benefit from courses tailored to long-haul or multi-modal logistics.

How drivers can check their CPC hours online

Drivers can complete a CPC check online to view their training history. The GOV.UK portal lets you confirm how many hours you’ve completed and when your DQC expires.

To access your record, you’ll need your driving licence number and National Insurance number. It’s a good idea to do a driver CPC check at least once a year to stay on track.

This tool also lets you check CPC hours to avoid rushing at the end of your five-year period. Keeping up with your training steadily can save both time and stress.

Approved CPC training courses and providers

Only courses approved by the Joint Approvals Unit for Periodic Training (JAUPT) count towards your 35 hours. These courses are designed to improve safety, knowledge, and professionalism for HGV and PCV drivers.

When and how often CPC training must be renewed

CPC training must be renewed every five years. The renewal is based on completing the required 35 hours before your DQC expires.

You don’t need to retake any tests; just finish the training and let your provider log it with the DVSA. Once processed, you’ll receive a new Driver Qualification Card automatically.

Many drivers choose to complete one module each year to stay ahead. Performing a regular CPC check will help make sure you don’t accidentally fall behind.

Costs and funding options for CPC training

The cost of CPC training varies depending on the provider and format. Typically, a 7-hour module costs between £60 and £100.

The full 35-hour requirement may cost £300 to £500. Some providers offer bundle deals or workplace discounts.

Drivers working in smaller businesses or operating independently often cover the cost themselves. However, those employed by larger firms may have their training funded.

Some training expenses may also qualify for tax relief if you’re self-employed. It’s worth speaking to your accountant or business advisor about deductions.

Penalties for failing to meet CPC requirements

Driving professionally without a valid Driver CPC is a serious offence. You could face fines of up to £1,000 and potentially be taken off the road.

Failing to comply can also invalidate your HGV insurance. If you’re driving on behalf of a freight exchange or another contractor, this can put your contracts at risk.

The DVSA conducts roadside checks and audits regularly. Performing a driver CPC check before each renewal period is the easiest way to guarantee compliance.

CPC exemptions and special cases

Some drivers are exempt from needing a CPC. These include those driving non-commercially, for emergency response, or for vehicle testing and maintenance.

Exemptions also apply to certain agricultural or municipal uses. However, many drivers mistakenly believe they’re exempt when they’re not.

To avoid confusion, you can perform a CPC check or contact the DVSA directly. It’s always better to confirm your status than risk a penalty.

Benefits of driver CPC for drivers and fleet operators

CPC training isn’t just a legal requirement; it also adds real value to both drivers and businesses. Here’s how:

For drivers

For fleet operators

Frequently asked questions

How often does Driver CPC need to be renewed?

Driver CPC must be renewed every five years through periodic training. You’ll need to complete 35 hours of approved courses before your current DQC expires.

How much does Driver CPC training cost?

The full 35-hour requirement typically costs between £300 and £500. Individual modules are usually priced at £60 to £100 each.

What are the benefits of completing Driver CPC training?

It keeps your licence valid and helps you stay updated on safety and legal standards. Many employers see it as a sign of professionalism and reliability.

Who needs to complete Driver CPC training in the UK?

Any professional HGV or PCV driver who operates for hire or reward must complete Driver CPC. This includes part-time, agency, and contract drivers across the CPC United Kingdom system.

On 12 October 2025, the European Union rolled out the Entry/Exit System, replacing passport stamping with biometric checks at Schengen borders.

For UK haulage companies, this change isn’t just another travel rule. It alters how drivers move goods across Europe and how schedules are planned.

Preparing early will help avoid late deliveries, customer complaints, and wasted time at ports.

What is the Entry/Exit System (EES)?

The EU’s Entry/Exit System (EES) is a new digital border tool designed to record entries and exits into Schengen countries. Instead of stamps, drivers will register fingerprints and a facial image – part of a wider EU plan to modernise border checks, tighten security, and reduce illegal overstays.

This process creates a digital record linked to the driver’s passport. The record also stores entry and exit times, location, and personal details. Once created, it remains valid for three years or until the passport expires.

The system also automatically checks compliance with the 90 days in 180 rule. UK drivers can’t spend more than 90 days in the Schengen area within any rolling 180-day period. Overstaying could mean fines or even bans.

If you’re familiar with the UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) visa system, EES works in a similar way. Both aim to replace outdated manual checks with digital records, making it easier to track movements and prevent overstays.

The difference is that ETA is a pre-travel authorisation for visitors entering the UK, while the EES is a border registration process that takes place when travellers arrive at, or depart from, the EU.

When and where does the Entry/Exit System start?

The Entry/Exit System launched on 12 October 2025, with a phased rollout until 10 April 2026.

The EES applies across 29 Schengen and associated states, including France, Spain, Germany, Italy, and Poland. It does not apply in the Republic of Ireland or Cyprus.

Where UK drivers will be checked

UK freight drivers will face the Entry/Exit System at different stages depending on the port.

At Dover and Folkestone, French border officials complete checks before departure, as these locations operate juxtaposed controls.

At other UK ferry terminals, drivers will complete registration on arrival at the EU port.

Why the EES matters for UK haulage companies

The Entry/Exit System affects every UK driver with a UK passport. Unlike EU passport holders, they must complete biometric checks.

The first crossing after launch will take longer. Drivers must scan their passport, provide fingerprints, and have a photo taken. Later journeys are quicker, needing only a scan and either a fingerprint or photo.

This matters for companies running tight schedules. Cross-border contracts often depend on just-in-time deliveries. Any delay at Dover or Folkestone can disrupt the entire supply chain.

Location	What drivers can expect	Impact on UK drivers
Dover	Kiosks in Western Docks or checks with border staff using tablets before boarding.	High volumes mean queues are likely, especially in the early months.
Folkestone (Eurotunnel)	New pre-registration area for biometric checks before boarding.	Delays possible as all accompanied freight traffic must pass through kiosks before entering the tunnel.
Hull	Checks take place on arrival at Rotterdam or Zeebrugge.	Drivers should allow extra time at the EU port. Lower traffic volumes may mean shorter queues.
Portsmouth	Checks on arrival at French or Spanish ports such as Caen, Le Havre, or Bilbao.	Longer sailings spread out arrivals, which may ease pressure but facilities could be limited.
Immingham & Killingholme	Registration on arrival in EU ports in the Netherlands, Belgium, or Germany.	Strong RoRo freight routes mean delays depend on EU-side infrastructure.
Liverpool	Routes mainly to Dublin (not in Schengen, so no EES) and via Irish connections into the EU.	No EES checks for Ireland, but drivers must complete EES if travelling onward into the Schengen area.
Newcastle	Checks on arrival at IJmuiden (Netherlands).	Passenger and freight mixed traffic may cause variable wait times.
Plymouth	Checks on arrival at Roscoff or Santander.	Seasonal services may mean lighter traffic, but facilities could still create bottlenecks.

The new system also enforces the 90/180-day rule without exception. Overstays are no longer hidden behind faint or missing stamps. For firms relying on international HGV drivers, this rule carries added weight. A ban could leave you short of drivers when you most need them.

Challenges and how you can prepare

The Entry/Exit System will reshape border checks for UK drivers. It brings risks of delays, compliance issues, and added pressure on operations.

Delays at ports: add buffer time to schedules

Freight drivers were among the first processed under the Entry/Exit System, as of 12 October 2025.

RHA and BIFA expect queues at Dover and Folkestone as drivers complete biometric checks. Even a short delay at kiosks can multiply into hours of waiting when thousands of vehicles are involved.

Driver scheduling: brief drivers and manage hours carefully

Inconsistent rollout: stay informed and flexible

Some will still stamp passports, while others run EES fully, which may confuse drivers and disrupt planning.

Infrastructure strain: plan for congestion at terminals

New reception areas and kiosks are being built at Dover and Folkestone, but space is limited. Smaller ports may face bottlenecks if facilities can’t handle demand.

Customer service pressure: communicate early and clearly

What the industry is saying

The Road Haulage Association has warned that freight and coach drivers will face delays once the Entry/Exit System begins. They expect queues at Eurotunnel and Dover despite government investment.

The British International Freight Association has pointed that the success of rollout depends on French border staffing. Even with kiosks, shortages of trained officers could slow traffic.

To support the rollout, the UK Government has invested £10.5 million in infrastructure at Dover, Folkestone, and St Pancras. This includes new kiosks, reception areas, and processing zones. But industry bodies believe delays are still likely in the first months.

Looking ahead: EES and ETIAS

From 2026, the EU will launch the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS).

EES vs ETIAS

Wrapping up

The Entry/Exit System is a major shift for UK haulage. It brings biometric checks, stricter rules, and likely delays.

Companies that prepare now can reduce disruption. That means training drivers, adjusting schedules, updating contracts, and keeping shippers informed.

System	When it applies	What it does	Cost	Applies to
EES	12 Oct 2025	Records entries/exits + biometrics	Free	All non-EU nationals entering Schengen
ETIAS	Planned for 2026	Pre-travel authorisation	€20	Visa-exempt nationals (UK included)

Like adapting to driver wellbeing measures, or changes in compliance rules, planning ahead will help the industry adjust. The Entry Exit System will eventually become routine, but readiness in 2025 will set companies apart.

Frequently asked questions

What is the EU Entry/Exit system?

The EU Entry/Exit System (EES) is a digital border check that replaced passport stamps from 12 October 2025. It records passport details, biometrics, and travel dates for non-EU nationals, including UK drivers. First checks take longer, but repeat trips are quicker.

How does the Entry/Exit System work for UK drivers?

On the first crossing after 12 October 2025, UK passport holders must scan their passport, provide fingerprints, and have a photo taken. Later trips only need one biometric check.

Does the Entry/Exit System apply at every EU border?

Yes. Once fully operational, it applies at all external Schengen borders. Ireland and Cyprus are excluded.

Will the Entry/Exit System slow down freight crossings?

Yes, especially at Dover and Folkestone during the early months. Queues are expected as drivers register for the first time.

Running a heavy goods vehicle isn’t cheap. Fuel, tyres, servicing, and insurance all put pressure on margins. On top of that, every operator must budget for HGV road tax — the official Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) that keeps lorries legal on UK roads.

Unlike courier van road tax, the system for HGVs is far from simple. The amount you pay can vary widely between a 2-axle rigid and a 44-tonne articulated lorry. For hauliers working on tight budgets, knowing these costs upfront is crucial for planning.

This guide sets out the current HGV road tax rates, explains how the levy works, and covers practical steps for payment and management. Whether you’re a fleet operator, a transport manager, or even if you’re starting a transport company, you’ll find everything you need here.

What is HGV road tax?

HGV road tax is the yearly charge for driving or keeping a heavy goods vehicle on UK roads. The money goes into government funds that support transport infrastructure and road upkeep.

Unlike car tax, which is linked to emissions, and van tax rates, which are usually flat, HGV tax combines several factors:

Alongside VED, the DVLA applies an HGV levy to most vehicles over 12 tonnes. This levy is designed to make older, more polluting lorries more expensive to operate, while rewarding investment in modern Euro VI trucks that lower HGV carbon emissions.

For operators with one or multiple lorries, understanding these variables is vital. It helps you predict annual costs accurately, avoid compliance issues, and plan better around your other fixed outgoings like fuel and maintenance.

HGV tax rates for 2025 explained

Vehicle Excise Duty bands

The DVLA sets out bands for rigid and articulated lorries. Below are the main VED rates for HGVs weighing 12,000kg and over in 2025:

Smaller HGVs under 12,000kg fall into bands A0 and B0, at £171 and £207 annually.

The HGV levy

On top of VED, you must pay the levy. Rates depend on the truck’s weight and emissions class:

The levy costs less for Euro VI lorries, rewarding operators who invest in cleaner fleets and cut emissions.

Combined costs in practice

VED and levy must be added together. To show how this works, here are some example totals:

This structure means operators don’t need to cross-check multiple DVLA tables. Instead, they can find the relevant band, check the levy, and add them together for the total annual cost.

Band	Annual VED	Typical vehicle / weight range	Notes
A1	£83	Lightest rigids/tractors over 12t	Often 2-axle small units
A2	£87	Slightly heavier 2-axle units	—
A3	£104	2-axle tractors up to 25t	—
A4	£151	2-axle mid-weight tractors	—
A5	£157	2-axle up to 26t	—
B1	£98	Common mid-weight rigids 15–19t	Very common fleet size
B2	£109	Rigids 19–21t	—
B3	£130	Rigids 21–23t	—
C1	£218	Rigid/tractor 23–25t	—
C2	£275	Rigid/tractor 25–27t	—
C3	£300	Rigid/tractor 27–29t	—
D1	£311	Rigid/tractor 29–31t	Example: 3-axle rigids
E1	£580	Heavy multi-axle 31–33t	—
E2	£631	Heavy multi-axle 33–34t	—
F	£715	34–38t lorries	—
G	£881	38–44t lorries	Heaviest standard HGVs

Weight (kg)	Euro VI or later	Euro V or earlier
12,000–31,000	£155	£202
31,001–38,000	£373	£485
Over 38,000	£597	£776

Vehicle type (example)	Weight & Euro class	VED	Levy	Total
2-axle rigid, 15,000kg, Euro VI	Band D1	£311	£155	£466
3-axle tractor, 30,000kg, Euro V	Band E1	£580	£485	£1,065
4-axle rigid, 38,000kg, Euro VI	Band F	£715	£373	£1,088
3-axle tractor, 40,000kg, Euro V	Band G	£881	£776	£1,657

However, if you’d like to calculate your exact HGV road tax rate, check out the DVLA’s latest guidance with a full breakdown based on weight and configuration.

Special categories

Paying and managing your HGV tax

You can pay online through DVLA, at a Post Office, or by Direct Debit. Payment options include annual, six-monthly, or monthly instalments.

Paying yearly is cheaper. Monthly and six-monthly instalments include a surcharge. Some operators still prefer monthly to spread out costs alongside fuel, maintenance and other running costs.

Good fleet management means aligning tax renewals with MOTs and insurance. That reduces admin and helps you keep your trucks legal without missing deadlines.

Exemptions and discounts

Penalties and enforcement

If you don’t tax your lorry, the DVLA can fine you up to £1,000. They also use ANPR cameras to identify untaxed vehicles.

Untaxed lorries can be clamped or seized. For an operator, losing a truck means losing work. That can hit revenue, disrupt cold chain transport, or delay hazardous goods transport schedules.

The bigger picture: HGV tax and running costs

VED is only part of the bill for keeping a lorry on the road. Fuel, repairs, tyres, tolls, and charges in low emission zone areas often cost much more.

But unlike diesel prices, HGV vehicle tax rates are predictable. Operators can budget with confidence, knowing what each lorry owes every year and manage their fleet and haulage contracts accordingly.

The future of HGV road tax

Government policy is pushing haulage towards cleaner vehicles. Euro VI trucks already pay less levy, and incentives for zero-emission lorries may increase.

Operators will also face wider environmental pressure. Expect growing debate on tax reform, as electric HGVs and alternative fuels expand. Walking floor trailers and larger vehicles may also see specific rules linked to HGV dimensions and road impact.

The shift towards cleaner fleets means both drivers and transport managers need to track changes. Tax bands could be updated, and new exemptions introduced.

Frequently asked questions

How much is road tax for an HGV?

The cost varies depending on your lorry’s weight, axle set-up, and emissions class. In 2025, VED ranges from £83 for the lightest Euro VI units up to £881 for the heaviest, plus an HGV levy of £155–£776.

How much is road tax for commercial vehicles in the UK?

Commercial vehicles under 3,500kg, such as vans, usually fall under LGV tax rates. Most pay a flat fee of £335 per year in 2025. Vehicles over 3,500kg are classed as HGVs, which use a banded VED and levy system based on weight and configuration.

How do I pay my HGV levy online?

You can pay the HGV levy on the official GOV.UK website. The process is similar to paying standard VED: you’ll need your vehicle details, payment information, and your operator licence if applicable. Many operators set up a Direct Debit through DVLA so both VED and levy payments are handled together.

Can you pay HGV road tax monthly?

DVLA lets you pay monthly by Direct Debit. It’s slightly more expensive than paying annually, but some operators prefer spreading the cost across the year, especially when managing large fleets.

London is one of the busiest cities in the world, and managing air quality is a top priority. This is where the Low Emission Zone (LEZ) and Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) come in.

Both schemes aim to cut harmful emissions and keep the city cleaner, but they impact businesses that rely on heavy vehicles.

In this guide, we’ll explain what is a low emission zone, compare LEZ and ULEZ specifics, detail the charges for London low emission zones, inspection rules, penalties, benefits for the city, and how businesses (especially in logistics) can stay compliant.

What is a low emission zone?

A low emission zone is an area where vehicles not meeting minimum emissions standards must pay a daily charge to drive. If you’ve wondered about low emission zone meaning, it’s about encouraging cleaner vehicles and reducing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.

So, what is LEZ? It’s a scheme that enforces emission standards (like Euro IV or VI) for heavy vehicles. And what is LEZ charge? It’s the £100–£300 daily fee you pay if your vehicle doesn’t meet the required standard.

Why low emission zones exist in London

Road traffic contributes heavily to air pollution in London. The LEZ launched in 2008 targeting heavy diesel vehicles; ULEZ followed in 2019, covering cars and vans as well.

The expansion of ULEZ has led to a 27% drop in nitrogen dioxide levels citywide, and 54% in central London. For logistics operators, knowing LEZ rules is paramount to avoid the steep compliance costs.

The London low emission zone (LEZ) overview

The LEZ is one of the largest clean-air initiatives in the world, designed to cut harmful emissions from heavy diesel vehicles.

If you operate lorries, buses, or other commercial vehicles in Greater London, understanding how the scheme works is important if you want to avoid the costly LEZ charge.

Coverage area and operational times

LEZ covers almost all Greater London and operates 24/7, 365 days a year. Cameras scan vehicle plates against the compliance database throughout the zone.

Affected vehicles and emission thresholds

LEZ targets heavy diesel vehicles including lorries, buses, coaches, and some larger vans. Only those meeting the Euro IV particulate (PM) standard or higher avoid charges.

Fees, exemptions and penalties

LEZ charges vary depending on the size and emissions rating of your vehicle. For example, heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) and large courier vans that don’t meet the required standards may face daily charges of up to £300, while smaller vehicles can pay £100.

Some vehicles are exempt from paying the LEZ charge. These typically include historic vehicles, certain agricultural machinery, and specialist vehicles. Retrofits and alternative fuels can also qualify you for reduced charges.

Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) specifics

The ULEZ is designed to target a wider range of vehicles than the LEZ, including cars, vans, and motorcycles. Its aim is to tackle pollution from everyday road traffic, not just heavy goods vehicles.

Like the LEZ, it operates 24/7, 365 days a year. The compliance requirements, however, are stricter for most vehicle categories.

ULEZ standards vs LEZ standards

While the LEZ charge mainly focuses on heavy diesel vehicles meeting Euro IV particulate matter standards, the ULEZ sets tighter rules:

Vehicle Type	Emission Standard Required	Daily LEZ Charge
HGVs, lorries, buses	Euro IV or above	£100–£300
Large vans / minibuses	Euro III (PM standard)	~£100
Specialist vehicles	Varies by classification	£100–£300

This means that even lighter vehicles, which may not be affected by the LEZ, can still face ULEZ charges if they fail to meet these criteria. This is important to know if you manage or work for a small haulage business.

Let’s take a closer look:

Expansion areas and vehicle exemptions

The ULEZ originally covered central London but has expanded to include all London boroughs as of August 2023. This expansion has significantly increased the number of drivers who must check their compliance before travelling.

Believe your vehicle may qualify? You’ll need to apply through TfL with the relevant documentation.

Daily charges, discounts and enforcement

Non-compliant vehicles must pay a £12.50 daily charge to drive in the ULEZ, in addition to any LEZ charge if applicable. The fee applies to all days, including weekends and public holidays.

Discounts and exemptions can apply for residents, blue badge holders, and certain low-income or disability benefit recipients. Applications for discounts must be made directly to TfL before you travel.

Vehicle Type	ULEZ Standard Required	LEZ Standard Required
Petrol cars/vans	Euro 4 NOx	Not applicable
Diesel cars/vans	Euro 6 NOx & PM	Not applicable
Motorcycles	Euro 3	Not applicable
HGVs, buses, lorries	Euro VI NOx & PM	Euro IV PM

Enforcement is managed through the same ANPR camera system used for the LEZ. Failure to pay results in a Penalty Charge Notice; typically £180, reduced to £90 if paid within 14 days.

How compliance is enforced and checked

Transport for London (TfL) uses a combination of automated camera systems, vehicle databases, and periodic audits to make sure drivers comply with the LEZ charge and rules.

This system is in operation 24/7, meaning there’s no avoiding the cameras, even on weekends or holidays.

Vehicle checker and registration rules

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras are placed at key entry points to the LEZ and ULEZ. These cameras scan your vehicle’s registration plate and cross-reference it with the DVLA and other relevant databases to see if it meets emissions standards.

If your vehicle isn’t registered in the UK, you’ll need to manually register it with TfL before driving in the LEZ. This applies to all foreign-registered vehicles, even if they meet the standards, to avoid being incorrectly fined.

Not sure if you’re compliant? TfL’s online vehicle checker tool is the fastest way to confirm your compliance and daily charges before travelling.

Understanding fines and appeal process

If you drive within the LEZ without paying the required charge or meeting the standards, a Penalty Charge Notice (PCN) will be issued. Fines are higher for larger or more polluting vehicles, starting at £500 and going up to £2,000 for HGVs, though these can be halved if paid within 14 days.

If you feel you’ve been fined unfairly (for example, if your vehicle actually meets the LEZ standards or you had an exemption), you can appeal through TfL’s online system. You’ll need evidence like vehicle documents, retrofit certificates, or proof of registration to support your case.

Benefits of London low emission zones

Future of LEZ and ULEZ

These zones continue to evolve. TfL plans to further tighten emission thresholds, expand coverage, and encourage zero-emission fleets via incentives.

Operators should expect rules that include newer vehicle categories under emissions scrutiny. Those investing early in compliant or electric vehicles gain first-mover advantage both operationally and financially.

How to meet emission standards

Meeting LEZ and ULEZ standards is achievable with the right planning. Here are practical steps to help you stay compliant and avoid unnecessary LEZ charges:

Get the right insurance cover: Protect your operations by securing suitable truck and HGV insurance that includes provisions for environmental compliance.

Frequently asked questions

Do I have to pay low emission zone in London?

Yes. As a non-compliant heavy vehicle, you must pay the daily LEZ charge to drive in Greater London.

Which vehicles can go in the low emission zone?

All vehicles may enter LEZ; non-compliant heavy diesel types face a daily charge. Cars and motorcycles aren’t in LEZ but fall under ULEZ rules.

How much is the fine for low emission zone in London?

Fines range from £500 to £2,000, depending on vehicle type and compliance history.

Do foreign visitors pay ULEZ?

Yes, foreign vehicles must pay ULEZ charges unless exempt. Advance registration with TfL is advised.

How to avoid London low emission zone?

Use compliant vehicles or route plans that avoid LEZ/ULEZ areas. Investing in fleet upgrades delivers the most effective long‑term solution.

Your supply chain is the lifeline of your business, but it’s also a complex network that can be disrupted in countless ways. Weak points in this network, whether inside your own operations or in the wider market, are what we call supply chain vulnerabilities.

From late shipments to cyber threats, even a small crack in the chain can create far-reaching consequences. In this guide, we’ll look at the common types of supply chain risks and vulnerabilities, how they affect your operations, and the steps you can take to assess and reduce them.

Why understanding supply chain vulnerability matters

Every stage of your supply chain depends on the smooth handover of goods, data, and resources. When one link fails, the knock-on effect can disrupt schedules, inflate costs, and damage customer relationships.

In sectors like haulage and logistics, supply chain vulnerabilities can emerge quickly due to tight delivery windows and changing customer demands. Knowing where these supply chain risks are likely to occur helps you prepare for them before they impact your service levels.

Types of supply chain vulnerabilities

Not all supply chain vulnerabilities look the same; some originate inside your business, while others are caused by external forces you can’t control. Grouping them into these two categories makes it easier to spot patterns and plan your response.

Internal weaknesses in processes and operations

These supply chain vulnerabilities stem from within your own organisation, often hidden in day-to-day routines. They usually show up in predictable areas, which means you can address them once you know what to look for, starting with the most common internal vulnerabilities below.

1. Poor inventory and forecasting controls

Without accurate tracking, stock levels can swing from costly overstocking to damaging shortages. This creates waste, ties up capital, and limits your ability to respond quickly to market changes.

Weak forecasting makes it harder to plan for seasonal peaks or sudden drops in demand. The result is often late deliveries, missed opportunities, and customers seeking more reliable suppliers.

2. Lack of transparency and single-supplier reliance

When visibility across your supply network is limited, you cannot see problems until they have already disrupted operations. Missing data on stock movements, lead times, or supplier performance makes it harder to react effectively.

Relying heavily on one supplier adds another layer of supply chain risk. If that supplier experiences delays, price increases, or quality issues, your business may have no quick alternative to keep orders moving.

3. Outdated processes and technology risks

Relying on manual systems or old software slows down decision-making and increases the chance of mistakes. These inefficiencies can compound during busy periods, creating bottlenecks that disrupt schedules.

Outdated technology is also more vulnerable to breakdowns and security breaches. Upgrading to modern tools improves speed, accuracy, and resilience across the supply chain.

4. Human error and compliance gaps

Mistakes in handling goods, processing paperwork, or communicating with partners can trigger delays and extra costs. These errors often stem from unclear procedures or a lack of regular training.

Compliance failures, such as not meeting safety or documentation standards, can lead to fines or legal action. Carrying out regular driver risk assessments and refresher training helps reduce the chance of avoidable incidents.

External risks from environment and market

These supply chain vulnerabilities arise from forces outside your direct control, affecting the wider supply chain. They can appear suddenly and often require contingency plans to keep goods moving when conditions change.

1. Economic and geopolitical disruptions

Shifts in exchange rates, trade policies, or political stability can quickly alter the cost and availability of goods. These changes may also create delays at borders or reduce access to major markets.

Geopolitical tensions, sanctions, and regional conflicts can disrupt established routes and supplier relationships. If your business monitors these trends closely, you’ll be better placed to adapt your sourcing and transport plans.

2. Logistics bottlenecks and transport failure

Congested ports, road closures, and breakdowns in transport infrastructure can halt deliveries and cause cascading delays. These issues can be even more disruptive when moving high-risk freight in road haulage that requires specialist handling and strict timeframes.

Unexpected failures in vehicles, equipment, or scheduling systems can quickly derail your delivery commitments. Building flexibility into your transport plans helps you recover faster when the unexpected happens.

3. Environmental events and global health crises

Severe weather, natural disasters, and climate-related disruptions can stop goods from moving and damage infrastructure. Floods, storms, and extreme temperatures often force route changes or temporary shutdowns.

Global health crises, such as pandemics, can close borders, reduce workforce availability, and cause sudden spikes in demand for certain products. Planning for these scenarios helps your business stay operational when external conditions shift very quickly.

4. Cybersecurity threats and third-party breaches

As supply chains become more connected through digital platforms, the risk of cyberattacks increases. Criminals can target your systems directly or exploit weaknesses in a partner’s network to gain access.

Data breaches, ransomware, and system outages can interrupt operations and damage trust with customers. Strengthening your cybersecurity measures and monitoring third-party compliance reduces the risk of these disruptions.

The impact of vulnerabilities on business operations

When a weakness in your supply chain is exposed, the effects can spread quickly across your entire operation.

These are some of the most common ways supply chain vulnerabilities can affect your business:

How to assess your supply chain risks

A supply chain vulnerability assessment gives you a clear view of where weaknesses exist in your supply chain.

1. Define scope and map your supply network

Start by outlining every stage of your supply chain, from sourcing raw materials to delivering the finished product. This mapping exercise shows how each part connects, making it easier to spot potential weak spots.

Include all suppliers, transport partners, and storage facilities in your map. The more detailed your view, the better your chances of identifying where disruptions are most likely to occur.

2. Identifying critical weak points using data

Collect performance records, delivery times, and incident reports from across your supply chain. Analysing this data highlights recurring issues and helps you understand their root causes.

Look for patterns, such as repeated delays from a certain route or high defect rates from a specific supplier. These insights allow you to prioritise improvements in the areas that will have the biggest impact.

Resilience strategies and mitigation tactics

Once you know where your supply chain vulnerabilities are, the next step is to reduce their impact and prevent them from reappearing. These strategies help you keep goods moving even when the unexpected happens.

Diversify suppliers and logistics channels

Relying on a single route or supplier increases the risk of disruption if something goes wrong. Working with multiple partners, such as reputable freight forwarders, gives you more flexibility when you need to change course.

Build relationships with suppliers in different regions and keep alternative transport options ready. This diversity helps you react faster when one part of the chain is under pressure.

Create inventory buffers and flexible systems

Keeping extra stock of critical items gives you breathing room during delays. This buffer can keep production running while you resolve the disruption.

Flexible systems, such as dynamic scheduling tools, help you adjust delivery plans quickly. The ability to pivot without starting from scratch is all-important to maintaining customer trust.

Strengthen cybersecurity and continuous monitoring

With more operations moving online, protecting your systems from cyber threats is paramount. Use secure platforms, multi-factor authentication, and regular security updates to keep data safe.

Continuous monitoring tools can flag unusual activity before it turns into a major breach. Quick action here reduces downtime and keeps operations running smoothly.

Educate staff and enforce best practice training

Your team plays a central role in keeping the supply chain resilient. Regular training makes sure they know how to handle unexpected situations and follow correct procedures.

This training should cover compliance, safety, and communication protocols. A well-prepared team can make the difference between a short delay and a major operational breakdown.

Real-world case studies and supply chain crises

Seeing how other companies have dealt with supply chain disruption can give you practical ideas for strengthening your own supply chain.

Frequently asked questions

What is meant by supply chain risk?

Supply chain risk refers to the chance that an event or condition will disrupt the normal flow of goods, services, or information within your supply chain. This can include anything from transport delays to cyberattacks, depending on your industry and operations.

What are the vulnerabilities in the global supply chain?

Vulnerabilities in the global supply chain range from geopolitical instability and natural disasters to reliance on limited suppliers and complex transport routes. These weaknesses can be amplified when goods across multiple borders and rely on several partners.

What are the 7 different types of supply chain risks?

The seven common types of supply chain risks are financial, operational, strategic, compliance, environmental, technological, and reputational. Each type requires different strategies to identify, monitor, and reduce the potential impact.

Conspicuity markings help make large vehicles more visible on the road, especially at night or in poor weather. For UK and EU haulage firms running fleets of HGVs and trailers, getting this right isn’t just about compliance—it also protects drivers and others on the road.

In this article, we’ll explain what conspicuity markings are, where they’re required, how they differ across the UK and EU, and how to apply them properly to different vehicle types. We’ll also cover the latest rules, enforcement checks, and tips for keeping your fleet compliant.

What are conspicuity markings?

Conspicuity markings are reflective lines—usually in yellow, white, or red—that outline the sides and rear of large goods vehicles. They’re made from HGV reflective tape that reflects light from approaching headlights, helping other road users see the full shape and length of a vehicle.

When fitted correctly, these markings reduce the risk of side and rear collisions, particularly in poor visibility. They’re especially helpful for long vehicles like walking floor trailers or rigids travelling at night.

Most conspicuity tape regulations apply to vehicles over certain weight thresholds. We’ll cover the exact classes later on.

How conspicuity tape works

Conspicuity tape uses microprismatic or glass bead retroreflective materials. These materials bounce light from headlights back toward its source, making vehicles more visible from a distance.

It’s not just about sticking tape anywhere. The way you apply it—how close it is to the edges, how far it runs along the body, and how high or low it sits—affects how well it works. The layout should match the outline of the vehicle as closely as possible.

Types of conspicuity tape used on HGVs

Most compliant HGV reflective tape meets UNECE Regulation 104. This standard outlines how reflective the tape must be, what colours are allowed, and how wide each strip needs to be (usually 50mm).

Tape must carry an E-mark and a homologation number to show it’s been tested and approved. Some high-spec tapes, such as diamond-grade options, last longer and are easier to apply to curved or uneven bodywork.

UK and EU conspicuity marking regulations

Rules for conspicuity markings come from both UK domestic law and international frameworks. Most are now based on UNECE Regulation 104 and Regulation 48, which lay out how to fit lighting and reflectors on vehicles.

The UK brought these rules into domestic law via amendments to the Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989. Since 10 July 2011, most new goods vehicles and trailers must have approved conspicuity markings at manufacture or first use.

Vehicle marking regulations in the UK

Rear markings must outline at least 80% of the width of the vehicle, sitting as close to the top and bottom edges as possible. Side markings should run along at least 80% of the vehicle’s length (excluding the cab), ending within 600mm of the front and rear. The lower edge should be between 250mm and 1,500mm from the ground.

Tick marks at the upper corners help show the vehicle’s height. DVSA fleet compliance inspectors will expect these features to be present at annual test.

Conspicuity tape regulations across EU countries

Many EU member states follow UNECE Regulation 48 closely. But there are some differences.

In some cases, haulage vehicles need only 70% side coverage instead of 80%, and cab length is included in the overall vehicle length. This means the markings start nearer the front than UK layouts require. An alternative layout allows fleets to use a series of approved retroreflectors near the front instead of full-length tape.

These layouts are especially common on international trailers and vehicles approved under EU Directive 2007/35/EC.

For firms using international HGV drivers or operating cross-border, it’s worth training depot teams on both UK and EU marking differences to avoid delays at inspection points.

Marking standards by vehicle type

Not all vehicles suit standard marking layouts. Some have equipment or structural features that block part of the trailer body. In those cases, a line marking layout may be used instead of full or partial contour marking.

If you operate a mixed fleet with specialist trailers, it’s safer to assume that some level of customisation or manufacturer guidance will be needed. The DVSA allows for these cases during inspections, as long as the markings reach the minimum standard and follow acceptable positions.

Rear markings and acceptable alternatives

Rear markings can be tape or rear marker plates (R70.01 approved). If fitted correctly, R70.01 plates can count toward the rear contour requirement. They must sit at least 200mm from the stop lamps and be within 400mm of the top edge of the body.

Avoid mixing older R70.00 plates with reflective tape. These don’t count toward compliance under current rules.

Inspection, type approval and enforcement

From 2012 onwards, the DVSA has checked conspicuity markings during the annual HGV test. Examiners check the rear and side tapes or markings. If the layout falls outside the required positions, the vehicle may be flagged.

If your vehicles fall under EC Whole Vehicle Type Approval, the markings will likely be installed before delivery. But it’s still the operator’s responsibility to keep the markings in good condition.

Wear and tear, pressure washing, or UV exposure can all fade or peel reflective tape. Drivers should include visual checks as part of their daily walkarounds. It also helps support wider compliance with drivers’ hours rules and safety policies.

Using HGV reflective tape across a mixed fleet

Fleet managers running courier vans, rigids and articulated trailers may struggle with consistency. You might not need conspicuity markings on vans under 3.5 tonnes, but it’s worth considering uniform markings across the fleet for visual consistency and road safety, especially on smart motorways and toll roads without emergency refuge areas.

This becomes more relevant when vehicles carry branded wraps, or when markings form part of your haulage fleet insurance risk profile.

Many operators pair reflective tape with edge-mounted lamps for increased visibility. Just make sure the combined layout doesn’t breach lighting regulations or make marker lights harder to see.

Choosing the right conspicuity markings for your fleet

Choosing conspicuity markings starts with compliance. But cost, durability, and fitment method also matter.

Look for E-marked tape with an approval code matching ECE 104. Suppliers should provide test certificates or technical datasheets on request. Avoid cheap, unbranded imports that may not reflect consistently or stick to the vehicle surface.

Speak to your bodybuilder or trailer supplier about mounting points. Some older vehicles may need small modifications, such as aluminium strips or brackets, to create flat surfaces for tape application.

High-performance tapes can improve visibility at distances of up to 1,000 metres. This is especially useful in poor weather or when transporting goods like food, chemicals, or cold chain transport.

A well-marked trailer is also easier to spot in depots, on ferry decks, or when coupling in the dark.

Conspicuity regulation FAQs

What are conspicuity markings and when are they required?

These are reflective strips applied to HGVs and trailers to outline their shape and improve visibility. They’re required on vehicles over 7.5 tonnes MAM (or 3.5 tonnes for trailers) first registered on or after 10 July 2011.

Are conspicuity rules the same across the UK and EU?

Not quite. While both follow UNECE Regulation 104, the UK requires 80% coverage and excludes the cab. Some EU countries allow 70% coverage and include the cab. Always check local guidance when operating internationally.

What are the conspicuity tape regulations for skip loaders and other specialist vehicles?

Line markings are often acceptable if a full contour isn’t possible due to the body design. DVSA examiners allow for this, as long as the markings meet length and height rules and are clearly visible.

Do vans need to follow conspicuity marking rules too?

Only if the van exceeds 3.5 tonnes MAM. However, many operators still use markings on lighter vans for consistency and visibility—especially for night work, urban deliveries or ULEZ-compliant HGVs operating in London.

How do I know if my conspicuity tape is compliant?

Check for the E-mark and approval code under ECE 104. The tape should be yellow, white, or red, depending on the position, and be at least 50mm wide. If in doubt, ask your supplier or refer to the DVSA’s HGV inspection manual.

A waybill is a document that travels with goods during transport and outlines the important details of the shipment. It’s used by carriers, recipients, and customs officials to track, move, and confirm delivery of goods.

In this guide, we’ll break down the full waybill meaning, how waybills compare to similar documents, and what you need to know if you’re moving freight across the UK or internationally.

Why waybills are necessary in logistics

A waybill acts as the backbone of many transport operations. It provides a clear and written summary of what’s being moved, who it’s for, and how it’s getting there.

Because the waybill travels with the goods, it’s available whenever there’s a handover, checkpoint, or delivery. It’s often needed for smooth customs clearance, especially when moving goods between countries.

It also supports more accurate and transparent communication between parties, particularly freight forwarders, carriers, and recipients.

In short, a waybill helps prevent confusion, delays, and disputes during the shipping process.

Main components of a waybill

A standard waybill includes a few important sections. These help keep everyone in the loop from the moment goods leave the warehouse until they’re delivered.

All these fields work together to support the core waybill meaning. In other words: a detailed, transport-ready summary of your shipment that travels with the goods.

If you’re still wondering what is a waybill number, it’s simply the unique code that identifies your shipment. This number is important for tracking in real time and is often entered into carrier systems or freight exchange platforms to keep tabs on the shipment’s status.

Types of waybills

There’s more than one type of waybill, and each is tailored to the mode of transport being used. Below are the most common types you’ll come across.

Road waybill

Also called a CMR (after the French term for the convention that regulates it), the road waybill is used when goods travel by lorry across borders.

It contains standardised sections for all the necessary info required under European law.

Rail waybills

These are used when goods are transported by train. A rail waybill will often include extra details about the rail route, wagons, and handling instructions.

Air waybill

Used for air freight, the air waybill (AWB) is a non-negotiable document that outlines the terms of the air cargo contract.

It’s standardised by IATA and is one of the most widely recognised waybill types.

Sea waybill

The sea waybill is used for ocean freight, and unlike a bill of lading, it doesn’t serve as proof of ownership.

This speeds up delivery since the recipient doesn’t need to present the original document to collect their cargo.

House waybills

These are created by freight forwarders to cover individual shipments within a larger load. They’re often used when several clients’ goods are combined into one container.

Master waybills

A master waybill is issued by the main carrier (like a shipping line or airline) and covers all goods in a consolidated shipment. It links directly to the house waybills inside.

Multimodal waybills

If your goods are travelling by more than one method (say, road and sea), you’ll use a multimodal transport waybill. This provides one document to cover the entire journey, simplifying handovers and recordkeeping.

Waybill vs bill of lading

It’s easy to confuse a waybill with a bill of lading (BOL), but there are some clear differences. The biggest one? A waybill is not a document of title, so it can’t be used to claim ownership of the goods.

A waybill is simpler and quicker to use in many cases, especially when there’s no need to transfer ownership during transit. If you’re working with a freight forwarder, they’ll advise you on when a BOL is required instead.

Functions and legal importance of waybills

Although a waybill doesn’t transfer ownership, it still plays several important roles. Here’s what it does:

Contract of carriage

A signed waybill acts as evidence of the agreement between the sender and the carrier. It outlines what’s being shipped and under what terms.

Receipt of goods

The waybill also serves as proof that the carrier has taken possession of the goods. This can be helpful when working out disputes or confirming delivery status.

Tracking and dispute handling

The waybill number allows everyone involved to track the shipment from start to finish. If anything goes missing or arrives damaged, the waybill is often the first thing reviewed.

How to complete a waybill

If you understand the waybill meaning, you’ll know it’s more than just admin: it’s what keeps your shipment moving without delays, confusion, or disputes.

What to include on your waybill

Who fills in what?

The sender usually completes the first part of the waybill, especially anything related to the goods themselves. It’s their responsibility to give an accurate and full description.

The carrier or freight forwarder may complete transport-specific fields, like routing or reference numbers. In some cases, they’ll double-check the document before pickup to make sure nothing’s missing.

Feature	Waybill	Bill of lading
Document of title	No	Yes
Can transfer ownership	No	Yes
Used for customs	Yes	Yes
Slows down delivery	No – no need to present original	Yes – often must present original
Issued by	Carrier or forwarder	Carrier
Tracking number	Has a waybill number	Has a BOL number

Before the shipment leaves, make sure both parties have a copy (physical or digital). If you’re using a freight exchange or logistics platform, the document may be shared and stored automatically.

Common errors and how to avoid them

Here are some of the most common mistakes seen on waybills. We’ll also explain how to avoid them:

Waybill examples and templates

There’s no one-size-fits-all template, but most waybills follow the same structure. If you’re creating one from scratch or filling in a digital version, look for:

Most carriers and freight exchange platforms provide templates you can download or fill in online. Some also offer e-waybills that update in real-time and reduce paperwork.

Frequently asked questions

Can a waybill be used as proof of ownership?

No, unlike a bill of lading, a waybill doesn’t transfer title of the goods. It’s used for tracking, delivery, and as a receipt, but not for claiming ownership.

What’s the difference between a waybill and a bill of lading?

The main difference is that a bill of lading acts as a title document, while a waybill does not. A waybill is faster to process because it doesn’t need to be presented to collect goods.

Do I need a waybill for customs clearance?

Yes, especially for international shipments. It helps customs identify what’s being transported, how, and who’s involved, which links directly to import tax and customs duties.

What should I do if my waybill contains errors?

Fix the errors before the shipment is picked up if possible. If it’s already en-route, notify your carrier or freight forwarder straight away so they can update the info.

Are electronic waybills valid?

Yes, e-waybills are widely accepted and often preferred. They’re easier to update and track, and many platforms now offer digital documentation as standard.

A UK tariff code is a unique number assigned to products that helps classify them for customs purposes, ensuring that the right taxes, duties, and fees are applied.

In this guide, we’ll explain everything you need to know about UK tariff codes, from why they matter to how you can easily find a tariff code. If you’re new to the world of importing and exporting or if you’re starting a haulage company, we’ve got you covered with clear and straightforward info to get you on track.

Why tariff codes matter for trade

Tariff codes are the backbone of international trade; without them, customs wouldn’t know what your goods are, what duties to charge, or if your goods need special permits.

If you get your tariff code wrong, you could face delays, problems with customs clearance, or get charged the wrong amount. That means paying too much or, even worse, not getting your goods through at all.

If you want to avoid mistakes like that, your first move is finding a tariff code that fits your product properly and lines up with how duties are applied (this ties closely to how import tax and customs duties are worked out in the UK).

Once you’ve got the right UK tariff code, your goods move through the system more smoothly, and you’re not caught off guard by extra costs or admin.

Understanding the harmonised system (HS)

The Harmonised System (HS) is a globally standardised way of classifying goods. It forms the foundation for tariff codes used around the world, including in the UK.

Every product traded internationally is assigned an HS code, which helps customs authorities identify what the item is, apply the correct duties, and monitor trade statistics.

HS codes are recognised in over 200 countries and used by more than 98% of international trade. So, getting familiar with the HS system is key if you want your goods to move across borders without issues.

HS code format and UK commodity code details

The HS code is always six digits long. The first two digits show the broader category of the product, while the next four digits narrow it down.

In the UK, the code is extended by another four digits to make a total of ten digits. This extra detail helps classify the product even more precisely for customs.

Let’s take an example: imagine you’re importing shoes. The HS code for footwear could be something like 6403, which would tell customs that it’s a particular type of shoe.

But the UK might add extra digits (say 6403 91 10) which would give even more info about the material and purpose of the shoes. This is where you can see the difference between the HS code and the commodity code, as the latter is more specific to the UK.

Main methods for finding tariff codes

Finding the right UK tariff code doesn’t have to be hard, but it does depend on the type of goods you’re working with. Below, we’ll go through some easy ways you can find a tariff code and get your products moving through customs without any hassle.

Let’s break it down and look at the different methods you can use to get the code you need for your goods. First off:

Option 1: Use the UK trade tariff online tool

One of the easiest ways to find a tariff code is by using the UK trade tariff online tool. This free tool lets you search for your product and quickly pull up the right code.

All you need to do is type in a description of your product! Then, the tool will give you the UK tariff code based on that.

It’s really straightforward to use, and it’s the first place you should go when you’re trying to figure out which code fits your product. If you’ve got a basic understanding of your goods, this tool can help you narrow down your options in no time.

Option 2: Email HMRC classification enquiries

If the online tool doesn’t cut it, or if you’re dealing with a more complex product, you can email HMRC for a classification enquiry.

HMRC will help you figure out the right tariff code based on a more detailed description of your goods.

While this might take a bit longer than using the online tool, it’s a great way to get certainty when you’re unsure about where your product falls in the tariff system. Freight forwarders also often have experience dealing with HMRC and can help you get the correct classification for your product.

Option 3: Search via sections, chapters, or A-Z index

Another way to find a tariff code is by browsing through the UK tariff book, either via sections or chapters. This allows you to see how different products are classified based on their type or function.

The A-Z index can also be helpful for a quick look-up. While this method is a little more manual, it can give you a solid understanding of where your product fits in the tariff system and help you find the right code without relying on the online tool.

Option 4: Obtain an advance tariff ruling (ATR / ATI)

If you’re still not sure which tariff code applies, you can request an advance tariff ruling (ATR) from HMRC. This means you’ll submit your product details, and HMRC will officially tell you which code applies.

This is particularly useful if you’re dealing with a complex or unusual product. Once you’ve got your ATR, you’ll know exactly how your goods should be classified, giving you peace of mind when it comes to customs clearance.

Extra code types and declaration rules

In addition to the regular UK tariff codes, there are a few extra code types that apply in specific situations. These are typically for goods that fall under quotas, suspensions, or are exempt from VAT, and they require special tariff codes.

If your product is one of these, it’s important to use the correct code to avoid any issues with taxes or customs. When it comes to trade, getting the small details right is paramount, so don’t overlook these extra rules.

Combined nomenclature, TARIC and national extensions

The combined nomenclature (CN) and TARIC systems are used to classify goods in the EU. Parts of these systems still apply in the UK, especially for goods moving between the UK and EU.

These systems use extra digits to give more detail about products, especially for those subject to quotas or special duties.

In addition, the UK has its own national extensions that provide even more precise classifications. These are added on top of the HS and CN codes to provide clarity for goods with unique characteristics or special treatment.

Applying codes for quotas, suspensions, and VAT

Certain goods fall under special rules, such as quotas, suspensions, or VAT exemptions. For these items, you’ll need to apply specific codes to make sure you’re meeting the regulations.

For example, some products might be exempt from certain duties if they’re classified under specific quotas or suspensions.

To keep things running smoothly, always double-check whether your product falls under these special classifications, especially if you’re dealing with large haulage businesses that regularly handle this kind of trade.

Common errors and how to avoid them

Tariff code FAQs

What’s the difference between HS and commodity codes?

The HS code is used worldwide for classifying products, while the commodity code is specific to each country, such as the UK. The UK’s commodity code extends the HS code, providing more detail about the product.

Can I use an overseas HS code in the UK?

Not always. The UK may require additional digits or modifications to the overseas HS code to meet national requirements. It’s a good idea to verify the code before using it in the UK.

Where can I find tariff information?

Tariff information is available through the UK trade tariff online tool or from HMRC. This tool makes it easy to find the right tariff code for your goods.

Who provides tariff codes?

Tariff codes are provided by HMRC, the UK’s customs authority. You can access these codes via the online tool or contact HMRC for further assistance.

Why do I need a tariff code?

You need a UK tariff code to determine the correct taxes, duties, and compliance requirements for your goods. It helps guarantee that your goods clear customs without issues and that you’re not overcharged or fined.

When your fleet takes on high-risk freight, the stakes go up. You’re dealing with loads that may be fragile, high-value, dangerous, or tightly regulated. That means more planning, more paperwork, and a bigger focus on safety.

Let’s take a closer look at what counts as high-risk freight, the rules that apply, and how haulage businesses can handle these loads confidently.

Understanding what qualifies as high-risk freight

Not every load needs special handling. But when it does, you’ll know about it—usually before you’ve even accepted the job. So, what kind of cargo falls into the high-risk freight category?

Common types of high-risk loads

Some goods come with obvious risks. Others need a second look. Here are the most common types of high-risk freight seen across UK fleets:

The more risks a load presents—whether physical, environmental, or legal—the more planning it demands.

What makes a load high risk?

There’s no single definition, but most haulage and logistics businesses use a mix of factors to flag a load as high risk:

Understanding these risks helps your fleet management team match the right vehicle and driver to each job.

Licences and certifications to be aware of

High-risk loads often come with legal strings attached. That might mean extra paperwork, specialised training, or tighter load control.

ADR and DGSA responsibilities

If your fleet carries hazardous freight, you’ll likely need ADR compliance. ADR refers to international rules for road transport of dangerous goods.

Drivers moving dangerous goods must hold an ADR certificate. This covers both theoretical knowledge and practical handling.

You may also need a DGSA (Dangerous Goods Safety Adviser). Their job is to help your business stay compliant, carry out audits, and offer advice on safe loading and handling practices. Regular reporting is also part of their role.

Adding ADR haulage to your services brings in new business, but it also adds responsibilities. Make sure your internal processes reflect that.

Fleet-level compliance

Your vehicles and trailers must meet specific standards if they’re carrying dangerous or sensitive loads. This includes:

Best practices for handling hazardous cargo

Once the right paperwork is in place, your drivers still need practical support to handle hazardous cargo properly.

All of this helps your team manage hazardous cargo handling without delays or safety issues.

The role of your transport and fleet managers

Your transport manager and fleet manager sit at the heart of your risk-handling strategy. They’re not just ticking boxes—they’re helping the business avoid costly issues on the road.

A proactive manager can spot small problems before they grow into bigger ones. They also help build trust with clients moving sensitive freight.

Ongoing training for high-risk freight drivers

Moving high-risk freight isn’t just about paperwork. Your drivers need regular training to stay sharp, especially when it comes to hazardous goods transport and sensitive goods.

Keeping driver skills current

It’s tempting to see training as a one-off. But refresher sessions matter—especially if your fleet is handling dangerous or fragile loads regularly.

High-risk freight FAQs

What qualifies as high-risk freight?

High-risk freight includes anything that requires extra care during transport. That might be due to theft risk, fragility, perishability, or legal restrictions. Common examples include electronics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and sensitive data items.

Do I need ADR for all hazardous goods transport?

Not always. ADR rules only apply if your load contains goods above specific thresholds. For example, small amounts of certain chemicals may be exempt. Always check the UN class of the substance and consult your DGSA.

What is a DGSA and do I need one?

A DGSA (Dangerous Goods Safety Adviser) helps you manage safety and compliance when moving dangerous goods. If your business handles these loads regularly, you’re legally required to appoint one. They review policies, check routes, and conduct internal audits.

How often should drivers be trained on sensitive freight?

At least once a year. This can be a formal course or in-house safety briefings. The more complex or dangerous the goods, the more regular training should be.

Who is responsible for hazardous freight compliance?

It’s a shared effort. The transport manager oversees scheduling and compliance. The driver follows procedures on the road. Your fleet management team supports both with tools, training, and documentation.

When you’re driving a heavy goods vehicle (HGV) in the UK, speed restrictions aren’t just guidelines, they’re legal requirements made to protect everyone on the road.

HGV speed restrictions vary depending on road type, vehicle weight, and sometimes even your load. In this guide, we’ll break down the current rules, cover penalties, and share some best practices to help you stay safe and legal.

National speed limits for HGVs and LGVs

HGVs and LGVs each fall under different speed regulations depending on weight and road type. HGVs are vehicles with a maximum authorised mass (MAM) over 3.5 tonnes, while LGVs are anything at or below that threshold.

If you’re still working out the correct vehicle class for your business, our guide on lorry sizes and UK regulations offers a detailed breakdown of weight categories, axle configurations, and legal definitions.

These LGV and HGV speed restrictions aren’t just random numbers; they’re based on years of data about stopping distances, vehicle stability, and accident risks.

Heavier vehicles take much longer to slow down and are harder to control at higher speeds. For example, according to UK parliamentary research, a fully loaded 42-tonne HGV has a total stopping distance of around 36 metres at 30 mph, compared to 23 metres for a car (and the gap widens sharply at motorway speeds).

HGV speed limit on single carriageways

Single carriageways are often the trickiest roads for large lorries due to narrow lanes, bends, and mixed traffic. The national HGV speed restrictions for vehicles over 7.5 tonnes on single carriageways is 50 mph.

This change was implemented back in 2015 to improve safety and reduce dangerous overtaking on rural roads.

HGV speed limit on dual carriageways

Dual carriageways offer two lanes in each direction, making it easier for larger vehicles to maintain steady speeds.

The speed limit for HGV on dual carriageway roads is set at 60 mph for vehicles over 7.5 tonnes. Even with the extra space, drivers need to stay alert for changing traffic conditions and signage.

LGV speed limit on dual carriageways

Light goods vehicles have slightly more freedom when it comes to dual carriageways.

The speed limit for car-derived vans on dual carriageway routes is typically 70 mph if not towing. However, if towing a trailer, the limit drops to 60 mph to maintain stability and safety.

HGV motorway speed limits

Motorways are the safest roads for long-distance freight thanks to controlled access and multiple lanes.

The HGV motorway speed limit for vehicles over 7.5 tonnes is 60 mph. This limit balances travel efficiency with the need for longer braking distances and safe manoeuvring.

For many drivers working in a freight exchange network, motorways make up a large part of daily operations. The smoother flow of motorway driving, especially smart motorways and toll roads with less traffic, helps keep schedules on track and cargo moving efficiently across the country.

Speed limit for HGVs with trailers and articulated rigs

Whether you’re driving a rigid lorry with a trailer or a full articulated rig, the speed limit remains 60 mph on motorways. Articulated vehicles make up a large portion of UK freight traffic, so these limits apply to many haulage operators.

Drivers must remain aware of their vehicle’s length, especially when overtaking or changing lanes.

LGV motorway speed limit guidelines

LGVs can usually follow the same motorway speed limits as standard passenger vehicles. This means 70 mph is allowed for LGVs not towing trailers.

However, it’s important to note that this 70 mph limit is not universally applicable. It applies only to car-derived vans. Larger vans (up to 3.5 tonnes) that are not car-derived must stick to 60 mph on dual carriageways, even if they’re not towing.

If towing, the limit reduces to 60 mph for all LGVs, keeping in line with stability concerns and legal requirements.

Mandatory speed limiter regulations for HGVs

For vehicles over 7.5 tonnes, the limiter restricts the top speed to 56 mph, slightly below the legal motorway limit. This buffer accounts for variations like gradients, wind resistance, and tyre conditions.

If you operate a large haulage business, maintaining these devices is a legal obligation.

The same applies whether you run a single lorry or manage a small haulage business. Regular maintenance helps avoid penalties and keeps your drivers safe on the road.

Local and urban speed limit variations

Once you enter built-up areas, speed limits tighten considerably. Both HGVs and LGVs must stick to 30 mph in towns and cities unless otherwise posted.

Many local authorities also apply 20 mph zones near schools, residential areas, and high pedestrian zones for extra safety.

Local councils may introduce temporary restrictions for construction or special events. Always check for signage indicating lower limits or roadworks. Ignoring these temporary limits could result in fines and penalty points.

Even if you’re driving in familiar areas, road layouts and limits can change frequently. Keeping up to date ensures you don’t fall foul of unexpected restrictions.

Staying alert helps protect pedestrians, cyclists, and other vulnerable people using the road.

Penalties and enforcement for HGV speeding

Ignoring HGV speed restrictions carries stiff penalties that affect both drivers and operators. Offenders face fines, penalty points, and possible disqualification depending on the severity of the offence.

If you’re thinking of starting a transport company, understanding these regulations early on is key to staying compliant from day one.

For companies, repeated offences can threaten the Operator’s Licence, potentially shutting down business operations. Even minor infringements add up quickly if not addressed.

Compliance isn’t just about following rules; it protects your business long-term.

Tachograph data provides clear evidence of speed compliance during audits and inspections. Ensuring your fleet operates within legal limits and UK tachograph regulations keeps your records clean.

Prevention is always better than arguing your case in front of a Traffic Commissioner.

Best practices for safe driving near HGVs

It’s not just drivers of HGVs who need to understand the rules. Other road users should give lorries space, especially when overtaking or merging.

If you can’t see the lorry’s mirrors, assume the driver can’t see you either.

Cutting in too sharply after overtaking can create dangerous situations. Large vehicles need extra time and distance to stop safely.

Remember that even fully loaded lorries still need to navigate tight junctions and roundabouts. Be patient when following or approaching one in built-up areas.

Frequently asked questions

What speed can an HGV do on a dual carriageway?

The dual carriageway speed limit for HGVs over 7.5 tonnes is 60 mph. This applies whether fully loaded or empty. Always watch for local speed signs that may override national limits.

What is the maximum speed limit on highway for lorries?

On UK motorways, the maximum legal speed for HGVs over 7.5 tonnes is 60 mph. For LGVs not towing, the limit rises to 70 mph. Towing reduces LGV limits to 60 mph.

Can HGV do 60mph?

Yes, HGVs can legally travel at 60 mph on dual carriageways and motorways. However, many vehicles are restricted to 56 mph by mandatory speed limiters. This helps improve road safety and fleet fuel efficiency.

What is the max speed for dual carriageway?

For HGVs over 7.5 tonnes, the dual carriageway speed limit is capped at 60 mph. LGVs may drive up to 70 mph unless towing, in which case it’s 60 mph. Always follow posted signs for local variations.

When goods move across borders, there’s one unavoidable step that stands between the shipment and the customer: customs clearance. Without it, international trade would grind to a halt.

In this guide, we’ll explain the custom clearance meaning, how the process works, and how to avoid the most common issues that can stall your shipments.

What is customs clearance and customs cleared status?

Before goods can legally enter or leave a country, they need to pass through customs. This is the point where government officials check that your shipment complies with all regulations, and that the right taxes and duties are paid.

When a shipment successfully completes this process, it’s given customs cleared status.

So, what is customs clearance exactly? In simple terms, it’s the government’s way of managing imports and exports to ensure safety, correct paperwork, and proper revenue collection.

Without clearance, goods are held at the border until issues are resolved, which can cause major delays.

In practice, custom clearance means two things: clearing the paperwork, and physically clearing the goods for onward travel.

Once these two steps are complete, goods can continue to their final destination, whether that’s a bonded warehouse, shop, or directly to a consumer.

The three steps of customs clearance explained

Customs clearance isn’t one single action, but rather a short series of steps that take place every time goods cross borders. Understanding these stages can help you avoid costly mistakes and unnecessary delays.

1. Document submission and inspection

The first step is submitting your paperwork to the relevant customs authority. This includes commercial invoices, shipping documents, licences, permits, and any certificates of origin or product compliance.

The customs team will check these documents to verify the shipment’s contents, value, and legal compliance.

In some cases, customs officers may request to physically inspect the goods. Random checks, inconsistencies in paperwork, or concerns over banned or restricted items can all trigger inspections.

Accurate paperwork greatly reduces the chances of these inspections causing delays.

Documentation is often managed by specialist freight forwarders, who act as intermediaries between shippers and customs authorities.

They handle complex declarations, helping to minimise clearance time and prevent paperwork errors.

2. Duty and tax calculation process

Once documents are approved, customs officials calculate the taxes and duties owed. This is based on the shipment’s declared value, tariff classification, country of origin, and any applicable trade agreements.

Getting these figures wrong can lead to overpayment, underpayment, or even fines.

Import duty is applied based on the nature of the goods, while VAT is charged on the total value of the shipment including duty and transport costs.

Misclassification of goods is a common problem that can trigger reassessments or audits down the line. Naturally, that’s something you want to avoid.

3. Payment and release of goods

Once taxes and duties are paid, customs issues release authorisation for the shipment. The goods are then cleared for delivery to their final address.

Any unpaid charges or unresolved issues will keep the shipment in customs hold until resolved.

Many companies use freight forwarding companies to handle payment and release on their behalf. Why? These providers often have dedicated clearance teams who stay in direct contact with customs authorities, expediting release times.

At this point, the shipment status may update to customs clearance completed on the carrier’s tracking system. This means customs procedures are finished and goods are now in the hands of the domestic delivery network.

HS codes and customs declaration essentials

A large part of customs clearance revolves around HS codes and customs declarations.

HS codes, which stands for Harmonised System codes, are international product classifications used by nearly every country to categorise goods.

Each product type is assigned a code, which customs authorities use to determine duty rates, import restrictions, and licensing requirements.

For example, importing textiles uses a different code from importing electronics or food products. You can check out HMRC’s guide to HS codes here.

When completing your customs declaration, selecting the correct HS code is important because an incorrect code can lead to the wrong duty being applied or even seizure of goods.

Declarations must also include accurate product descriptions, values, weight, and country of origin.

Who pays and who manages customs clearance?

One of the most common questions in international trade is: who’s responsible for customs clearance?

The answer depends on your Incoterms agreement (whether the buyer or seller is managing logistics and paying fees). In many business-to-business transactions, the buyer arranges clearance and pays all duties upon arrival.

In consumer e-commerce, sellers often include duties in the total purchase price through Delivered Duty Paid arrangements.

Custom clearance meaning includes not only the legal process but also the financial obligations attached. If payment isn’t made promptly, customs may hold or seize the shipment, adding storage fees.

Many businesses outsource the process to specialist customs brokers or freight forwarders. Their expertise reduces costly mistakes and accelerates clearance times.

How to calculate import duties and clearance fees

Knowing how to calculate your charges ahead of time can prevent surprises at customs.

The calculation starts with your shipment’s declared value – the total paid for the goods, excluding shipping and insurance. Customs then adds any applicable import tax and customs duties.

What about trade agreements, such as those with the EU or Commonwealth countries? Well, they may reduce or eliminate duties on certain products.

Next, VAT is calculated on the sum of goods value, duty, shipping, and insurance.

For most UK imports, the standard VAT rate is currently 20%, though some items qualify for reduced rates or exemptions.

Finally, some shipments may face clearance fees charged by freight handlers or courier companies. These service fees cover the admin work involved in processing customs declarations.

Reliefs, exemptions, and low-value thresholds

Not every shipment is subject to full duties and taxes. The UK offers several reliefs and exemptions that reduce costs for qualifying importers.

One example is Inward Processing Relief, allowing businesses to import goods for manufacturing or repair without duty, provided the items are re-exported.

Outward Processing Relief offers similar benefits for goods temporarily exported for processing. Personal gifts and low-value shipments may also benefit from de minimis thresholds.

Currently, many goods valued under £135 may be exempt from import duty but may still attract VAT. Understanding these schemes is an important part of managing import costs effectively.

Businesses that regularly import should explore all available reliefs with their customs broker or freight agent. Taking advantage of reliefs can create substantial long-term savings.

Top reasons customs clearance stalls

Despite best efforts, some shipments still encounter clearance delays. One of the most frequent causes is incomplete or inaccurate paperwork, especially around product descriptions and values.

Customs officers may pause clearance while they investigate discrepancies or request additional documents.

Payment issues are another common problem that triggers holds. If duties or taxes aren’t settled promptly, customs will hold the shipment until payment clears.

Storage fees may be added daily while the goods sit in customs. Over time, these charges can add up to considerable extra costs.

Common customs clearance mistakes to avoid

Even with the right paperwork, customs clearance can easily go wrong. Some mistakes are far more common than others, and avoiding them can save both time and money.

Tips for efficient and cost-effective clearance

Good preparation is the best way to ensure fast, trouble-free customs clearance. Start by reviewing the customs requirements for each destination country before arranging shipments.

The role of freight forwarders in customs clearance

For many importers, freight forwarders are essential partners in navigating customs clearance. They act as intermediaries, taking over much of the complex paperwork and coordination involved.

This allows businesses to focus on operations while leaving the compliance side to specialists. Freight forwarders stay up to date on changing regulations, both in the UK and internationally.

They know how to correctly classify goods, apply trade agreements, and handle duty calculations. This expertise helps avoid costly mistakes that could delay clearance or trigger inspections.

Many forwarders offer full customs brokerage services, managing documentation, duty payments, and even communication with customs officers. For businesses new to international trade, this support is invaluable.

You can use freight forwarding platforms to find trusted forwarders who specialise in UK customs processes to simplify your import operations. As your business grows, forwarders also help manage larger, more complex supply chains. Whether you’re looking to grow your freight forwarding company or simply need reliable support, having an expert handle customs clearance can save both time and money.

How Brexit changed UK customs clearance

Brexit has brought lasting changes to how customs clearance works for UK businesses.

Before 2021, most trade with the EU moved freely without much paperwork. Now, nearly all shipments between the UK and EU face full customs controls.

Importers and exporters must now submit customs declarations for goods crossing the border. This includes providing HS codes, certificates of origin, and detailed product descriptions for every shipment.

Without the correct paperwork, EU-bound shipments may be refused entry or delayed at the border.

UK businesses trading with Europe must also apply for an Economic Operator Registration and Identification number.

This unique ID is now required for nearly all customs activities. Applying early prevents administrative delays when arranging shipments.

Delays at border control points have become more common, particularly during busy periods and with the new EU Entry/Exit System implemented in October 2025. Proper customs preparation is now vital when dealing with both EU and non-EU partners.

Working with experienced freight forwarders can help businesses adjust to these ongoing regulatory changes.

Customs clearance FAQs

What does it mean if my package is in customs clearance?

It means your goods are being reviewed by customs to verify paperwork, calculate duties, and ensure legal compliance. Once approved and paid, they’ll move to domestic delivery. This is a normal stage of international shipping.

What is the meaning of customs clearance?

The custom clearances means the legal process where imported goods are inspected, taxed, and approved by customs officials before release. Without clearance, shipments can’t enter the country. This applies to both personal and commercial imports.

How long does customs clearance take?

Most shipments clear within a few hours to a few days if documents are correct. Delays may occur for inspections, payment issues, or incorrect paperwork. Using professional clearance agents often speeds up the process.

What happens after customs clearance?

Once customs clearance completed status is reached, your goods are released for final delivery. Domestic couriers or freight handlers take over from customs. The shipment is then delivered to its end recipient.

Digital tools are now part of daily operations for most haulage companies. From booking loads and tracking freight to running payroll, you likely rely on several connected systems to keep your fleet moving.

But with that reliance comes risk. If those systems go down or get breached, the impact could disrupt more than just a delivery schedule. It could affect your entire business.

Why cyber insurance matters in haulage

Gone are the days when cybersecurity was only a concern for banks and tech firms. Haulage companies are now regular targets. Thieves and fraudsters see opportunities in everything from exposed customer data to unsecured driver apps.

You may already use tools like load boards, vehicle trackers, and transport management systems. These are helpful for fleet management, but they’re also common entry points for cyberattacks if not properly protected.

A single incident could cause delays, reputational damage or even stop you from fulfilling your haulage contracts. That’s why it makes sense to look into cybersecurity insurance before something goes wrong.

Common cyber risks for haulage fleets

Cyber risks can show up in many forms. Some target your IT systems directly. Others go after staff, often through convincing scams or fake emails.

A serious breach doesn’t just impact your systems. It can also hurt your haulage customer service efforts, delay jobs and make it harder to win new work.

What does cyber insurance cover?

Cyber insurance doesn’t stop an attack from happening, but it helps you recover faster if one does.

It’s not just about large data breaches either. Even a minor incident can cause big delays if you can’t access your load systems or staff email accounts.

How it protects your load management systems

If hackers lock you out or change routing data, a good policy should cover both the cost of recovery and the lost time.

This kind of protection is especially useful if your team uses mobile apps or cloud systems while out on the road.

Does it include cover for payroll and accounts systems?

Many cyber insurance policies also include cover for tools like Xero, QuickBooks or Sage. If criminals gain access to your payment systems, you could face financial loss and serious disruption.

With the right cover in place, you’ll be able to recover funds, investigate the breach, and avoid long-term damage to your accounts processes.

Popular tools used by haulage firms — and why they’re at risk

Many hauliers rely on systems like Mandata, Truckcom, and Teletrac Navman to manage planning, driver communication, and real-time tracking. These platforms help coordinate loads, monitor driver hours and link data with back-office tools.

While these systems offer clear benefits, they’re also connected to the internet and often accessed from multiple devices. That opens the door to risks if a login is compromised or a remote worker’s device gets hacked.

Cyber insurance helps protect you when something goes wrong with these platforms. If your team loses access or data is manipulated, you’ll have support to get back online quickly, without eating into your own profit margins.

What does cyber insurance cost compared to the risk?

Premiums for cyber insurance vary depending on your turnover, number of employees, and systems used. But most haulage firms can expect to pay between £300 and £1,200 per year for standard cover.

That might sound like another overhead, but compare it to the average cost of a small business cyberattack in the UK, which now stands at £15,300 (Source: Gov.uk Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2024).

What about GDPR and compliance?

If a breach leads to lost or exposed customer data, it’s not just a technical problem, it can also become a legal one.

Under UK GDPR rules, you must report data breaches to the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) within 72 hours. You may also need to notify your customers, suppliers, or partners.

Many logistics cyber insurance policies include legal advice and communication support to help you stay compliant. They may also pay for external experts to handle the investigation and reporting, which helps reduce the pressure on your internal team.

This is especially relevant if you store sensitive client details in cloud systems or handle personal information as part of your booking process.

What if a supplier or partner is breached?

You might take good care of your own systems, but what about the third parties you work with? From freight forwarders to transport management system providers, you probably rely on several other firms to keep things running.

For example, if your TMS provider goes offline, you might lose access to load data, invoices or customer information. If a subcontractor’s login is compromised, your systems could be next.

Some haulage cyber insurance policies include cover for third-party failures, particularly if their systems are tightly linked to your own. It’s worth checking whether your provider includes this kind of support.

This is especially important in fast-moving 3PL logistics, where shared platforms and external systems are common.

Do you need cyber cover if you already have cybersecurity measures?

Even if you’ve got antivirus software and secure systems, things can still go wrong. Human error plays a big part in most cyber incidents.

Someone clicking the wrong link or entering their login details into a fake site can cause just as much damage as a system flaw.

Having cyber insurance doesn’t replace good cybersecurity; It supports you when those defences don’t hold up.

When cybersecurity insurance becomes a fallback

A strong cybersecurity insurance policy helps you recover from problems quickly. If an attack slips through your protection, it’s this kind of cover that pays for the investigation, recovery and lost income.

Simple steps to strengthen your cyber cover

You don’t need to overhaul your business to take better precautions. Here are a few things you can do now:

Cyber risk might seem like something that happens to “other businesses”, but the reality is that hauliers are just as exposed. And in some cases, even more so. Especially when your day-to-day operations depend on fast, reliable data.

Adding cyber insurance to your risk planning doesn’t just support recovery after a breach. It shows you’re serious about protecting your business, your customers, and your team.

Cyber insurance FAQs

Can logistics cyber insurance help after a ransomware attack?

Yes. Good policies will help you stop the attack, recover your systems and even pay for downtime. That’s especially helpful if your response plans rely on digital tracking or alerts.

If you’re concerned about load security and tech-enabled theft, take a look at our guide to cargo theft and how to protect your fleet.

Is cyber insurance worth it for haulage companies?

Yes, especially if your business uses digital tools daily. The cost of a breach could far outweigh the cost of haulage cyber insurance, making it a sound investment for most operators.

Does cyber insurance cover driver devices?

Many logistics cyber insurance policies include support for devices used by drivers—like tablets or mobile phones—provided they’re used for work and have some security settings in place.

What’s the difference between cybersecurity insurance and traditional liability cover?

Traditional liability might protect you if a load is damaged or stolen. Cybersecurity insurance protects you when digital systems fail or data is compromised. They’re designed to cover different kinds of risk.

Are small fleets also at risk of cyber threats?

Absolutely. In fact, smaller firms can be more appealing to attackers because they often have weaker protection. Whether you run 5 trucks or 50, cyber insurance is worth considering.

Case Study	What Happened?
Toyota 2011 Earthquake Impact	The earthquake and tsunami in Japan halted production at multiple plants due to damage to local suppliers. Toyota responded by building more diversified supplier networks and increasing parts inventory for critical components.
Maersk Cyberattack 2017	A ransomware attack shut down Maersk’s operations worldwide for several days. The company rebuilt its IT systems and implemented stronger cybersecurity protocols.
Ever Given Suez Canal Blockage 2021	The grounding of a container ship blocked one of the world’s busiest shipping lanes for six days. The incident highlighted the importance of route diversification and contingency planning.

What we’ll cover

What is driver CPC training?

Who needs a driver CPC qualification?

Initial CPC vs periodic CPC training

1. Initial CPC

2. Periodic CPC

Driver CPC hours explained

The 35 hour periodic training requirement

How drivers can check their CPC hours online

Approved CPC training courses and providers

When and how often CPC training must be renewed

Costs and funding options for CPC training

Penalties for failing to meet CPC requirements

CPC exemptions and special cases

Benefits of driver CPC for drivers and fleet operators

For drivers

For fleet operators

Frequently asked questions

How often does Driver CPC need to be renewed?

How much does Driver CPC training cost?

What are the benefits of completing Driver CPC training?

Who needs to complete Driver CPC training in the UK?

What we’ll cover

What is the Entry/Exit System (EES)?

When and where does the Entry/Exit System start?

Where UK drivers will be checked

Why the EES matters for UK haulage companies

Challenges and how you can prepare

Delays at ports: add buffer time to schedules

Driver scheduling: brief drivers and manage hours carefully

Inconsistent rollout: stay informed and flexible

Infrastructure strain: plan for congestion at terminals

Customer service pressure: communicate early and clearly

What the industry is saying

Looking ahead: EES and ETIAS

EES vs ETIAS

Wrapping up

Frequently asked questions

What is the EU Entry/Exit system?

How does the Entry/Exit System work for UK drivers?

Does the Entry/Exit System apply at every EU border?

Will the Entry/Exit System slow down freight crossings?

What we’ll cover

What is HGV road tax?

HGV tax rates for 2025 explained

Vehicle Excise Duty bands

The HGV levy

Combined costs in practice

Special categories

Paying and managing your HGV tax

Exemptions and discounts

Penalties and enforcement

The bigger picture: HGV tax and running costs

The future of HGV road tax

Frequently asked questions

How much is road tax for an HGV?

How much is road tax for commercial vehicles in the UK?

How do I pay my HGV levy online?

Can you pay HGV road tax monthly?

What we’ll cover

What is a low emission zone?

Why low emission zones exist in London

The London low emission zone (LEZ) overview

Coverage area and operational times

Affected vehicles and emission thresholds

Fees, exemptions and penalties

Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) specifics

ULEZ standards vs LEZ standards

Let’s take a closer look:

Expansion areas and vehicle exemptions

Daily charges, discounts and enforcement

How compliance is enforced and checked

Vehicle checker and registration rules

Understanding fines and appeal process

Benefits of London low emission zones

Future of LEZ and ULEZ

How to meet emission standards

Frequently asked questions

Do I have to pay low emission zone in London?

Which vehicles can go in the low emission zone?